Chapter 13.3

1. Chapter 13.3 Humans and the Environment in Eastern Europe

2. Warm-up on Black Triangle • 1. What is the Black Triangle? • 2. What is a monoculture forest and what are its disadvantages? • 3. What is the meaning of the expression, “A healthy forest is a natural forest”?

3. Answers to video • 1. The Black Triangle is an industrial area between the cities of Dresden, Prague, and Wroclaw. In the past, the industries in the area created large amounts of air pollution. This pollution led to acid rain. • 2. A monoculture forest is one in which only one type of tree covers vast expanses of land. In a monoculture forest, diseases spread easily, and harmful insects can easily travel from tree to tree. • 3. The expression means that the best forest is one formed by nature rather than one planted by humans or changed by human activity. In a natural forest, all parts of the ecosystem work together to make it healthy,fromthe largest tree to the smallest plants and creatures

4. People and Their Environment: Eastern Europe • Managing Resources • Rapid and intense industrialization without regard to the effects on the environment have damaged water quality. • Illegal logging and the burning of those logs generates air pollution that has led to great losses in the area’s biodiversity. • Interest in reforestation, or renewing forest cover, has increased, but countries continue to struggle with protecting the environment while providing opportunity for economic growth.

5. Rapid and intense industrialization without regard to the effects on the environment have damaged water quality.

6. Illegal logging and the burning of those logs generates air pollution that has led to great losses in the area’s biodiversity.

8. Interest in reforestation, or renewing forest cover, has increased, but countries continue to struggle with protecting the environment while providing opportunity for economic growth.

9. People and Their Environment: Eastern Europe • Human Impact • Eastern Europe’s high concentration of industry and excessive reliance on coal have had a devastating impact on the environment. • Waterways have been affected by acid rain and meltwater, the result of melting snow and ice that have carried pollution into lakes and rivers. • As Eastern European countries have joined the EU, environmental protection standards and strict emission controls are helping to address these problems.

10. Eastern Europe’s high concentration of industry and excessive reliance on coal have had a devastating impact on the environment.

11. Waterways have been affected by acid rain and meltwater, the result of melting snow and ice that have carried pollution into lakes and rivers.

13. As Eastern European countries have joined the EU, environmental protection standards and strict emission controls are helping to address these problems.

14. People and Their Environment: Eastern Europe • Addressing the Issues • Serious efforts have been made to help clean up the environment, but directing and funding cleanup is difficult because the process involves many countries. • For countries not yet admitted to the EU, gaining membership provides an important incentive to manage resources and minimize environmental impacts. • Cooperation among Balkan countries is needed to ensure effective resource management.

15. Serious efforts have been made to help clean up the environment, but directing and funding cleanup is difficult because the process involves many countries. For countries not yet admitted to the EU, gaining membership provides an important incentive to manage resources and minimize environmental impacts.

17. Cooperation among Balkan countries is needed to ensure effective resource management.