Napoleon Bonaparte

Napoleon Bonaparte The Rise of Napoleon

RECAP VIDEO YOUTUBE : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lTTvKwCylFY

Warm up • 1. Which Estate of French citizens formed the National Assembly? • 2. Who gained control of France after Louis XVI was beheaded? • 3. What was his reign known as? How many people (approximately) were beheaded? • 4. To which Estate did the Bourgeoisie belong? • 5. What happened to Louis XVI FINISH THE SENTENCE: The National Assembly/Committee of Public safety/ National commission all wanted to..

Fun Fact of the day • Affectionately called the “national razor,” the swift-killing guillotine was popularized during the French Revolution and was a legal form of execution in France until 1981

The Young Napoleon • Napoleon Bonaparte was born on the Island of Corsica (in the Mediterranean Sea, of the coast of Italy) in 1769 • He was the son of Lower Nobility • This meant that he had some of the advantages of Nobility but not all • For example, his family was not very wealthy and he could never hold a prominent position because he was not part of the elite

Young Napoleon • He was picked on at school for his Italian accent and economic standing (As a child) • He developed a very aggressive and egotistical demeanor to hide the inferiority he felt. This is the essence of the “Napoleon Complex”

His Military Training • At 10 years old, his father sent him to France to train as an officer in the French Military • Napoleon immediately rose to the top of his class and excelled in all subjects • He was also well liked by his classmates and a born leader

His Military Training • Napoleon chose to become an artillery officer • Artillery was a new field and not considered as honourable as Cavalry or Infantry • Napoleon understood that he had a greater chance of promotion in Artillery because he would not to compete with the sons of high nobility

WHAT YOU HAVE TO KNOW: • Napoleon was good at what he did, this helped him rise through the ranks during the French Revolution • Moreover, he was able to rise through the ranks because of the time. Like the French Revolution, Napoleon was at the right place at the right time He began to think of himself as A BAUCE

Napoleon and the Enlightenment • As with most educated people of his day, Napoleon read the works of the Enlightened philosophes (NAME ME 3) • He was attracted to their ideas because he had supreme confidence in his own abilities • He hated the fact that his potential was limited by his birth status • He loved the concept that power and status should be based on talent and that everyone should have equal opportunities

So it’s obvious that Napoleon • A) WANTED TO GO BACK TO L’ANCIEN REGIME • B) DID NOT KNOW WHAT THE **** HE WAS DOING • C) WAS FRUSTRATED WITH FRANCE’S HIREARCHY STRUCTURE

HE HATED : • The fact that his potential was limited by his birth status • BUT HE LOVED • The concept that power and status should be based on talent and that everyone should have equal opportunities

So.. What do you think of Napoleon so far? • Did he support the French Revolution? Why? • What traits will help Napoleon become a great leader? • Questions?

The Revolution comes • Napoleon was 20 when the revolution started • He was a young officer in the French Military who supported the National Assembly • When war broke out, Napoleon led one of the few French units to win victories • (Thanks to his military training)

The Revolution Comes cont’d • Napoleon star began to rise when the Jacobins took power (Member those guys?) • The Jacobins loved Napoleon for his victories and his loyalty (Crushing rebellions inside and outside of France) • Napoleon loved the Jacobins for their commitment to enlightened principles • The Jacobins gave Napoleon command of an entire French army group

Unliked -> Liked -> MilitaryOfficer -> General Victories, supported the Revolution Becausehe was different Becausehe was ‘’talented ’’

Do youseewhatis happening? • Could this have happened in l’ancien regime?

Napoleon the General • Some say that Napoleon was a military genius and was able to help push foreign armies out of France • Others say that he had no military skill, just an un usual style of combat • Nonetheless, he used his knowledge of Artillery to devastate his opponents

Napoleon the General • He did not follow the traditional strategy of the day, he was very aggressive and sought to simply destroy the enemy • Tactically, Napoleon would “divide and conquer” If he faced an inferior opponent, he divided his forces; if he faced a superior opponent, he forced them to divide

Napoleon the General • He was a fantastic motivator and his troops were able to march more quickly than any other force in Europe, this allowed him to choose which battles he wanted to fight • He often fought along side his troops (gained their respect)

Let’s take a look at a few things he did

A Whiff of Grapeshot 1795 • When the Jacobins fell from power, Napoleon realized he could be viewed as an enemy of the new government • He travelled back to France and offered his services to the Directory • The Directory was not strong and faced internal enemies and protests • Napoleon proved his loyalty to the directory by firing canons into a Paris mob • To reward him, the directory gave him and even larger section of the French army

Napoleon wins in Italy 1796-1797 • In a surprising and bold manoeuvre, Napoleon invaded Austrian controlled Italy (outnumbered) • He caught the Austrian Army completely by surprise and won an incredible victory • He then negotiated his own peace treaty (illegally) with Austria and took parts of Italy and Holland for France • He instantly became a National hero and was the most popular person France • Also a mini emperor in Italy

Napoleon and the Directory • The Directory realized the potential of Napoleon’s popularity • The commissioned painting of him and did everything possible to boost his public image • They attempted to link themselves to Napoleon’s fame in order to secure the loyalty of the people • They exploited his image for their own political gain • Napoleon, meanwhile was sent to Egypt in 1798 to combat British forces

Napoleon seizes power, Napoleon’s Egyptian Campaign 1799 • Napoleon’s Egyptian Campaign 1799 • Internationally mocked for letter intercepted that explained his anger towards his wife (who was cheating on him) • The British defeated the French Navy and Napoleon was cut off from fresh supplies • Napoleon left his army behind and traveled back to France • His success in evading the British confirmed the growing belief in Napoleon's 'star’

NOW I KNOW WHAT YOU’RE THINKING • MR.ALONZ, IF NAPOLEON WAS SO WELL LIKED, WHY ISIN’T HE IN CHARGE OF FRANCE?

He does take power • When he came back, his brother; Lucien, and Abbe Sieyes convinced him to take control (Coup d’etat) • They created a fake threat (the Jacobins were planning to take power) • He soon gained the loyalty of the Directory’s guards and attacked them • Ironically, the Directory was defeated by the soldiers who were supposed to protect them • The Directory surrendered without a shot being fired, their plan to exploit Napoleon had tragically backfired

Napoleon in Power • Napoleon claimed to be a “Son of the Revolution” and his seizure of power was saving the Revolution from ultimate defeat • Napoleon turned his attention on the war. Now that he was in complete command, France was able to end the war victoriously

Napoleon wished to legitimize his new position and wished to become a King. • - The Pope came to Rome to crown him. • - In another stunning move, Napoleon took the crown from the Pope’s hands and crowned himself This is why Napoleon became the Emperor of France and not the King – he was 35 years old

RECAP http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I0lEshxguO8 RECAP : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BGxFNtCPnB0 Crowning: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0aYXetC9VGo

Napoleon Bonaparte