Hello, friends My topic for today ’ s presentation is Kashmir controversy.

1. Hello, friends • My topic for today’s presentation is Kashmir controversy. • So, my first step is to give the introduction about Kashmir- a land of paradise.

2. Introduction • The state of Jammu and Kashmir is spread over an area of 222236 square kilometers . • Jammu and Kashmir is bordered in north by China and west by Pakistani city of Rawalpindi and on North Western side by Afghanistan.

3. What created the controversy between India and Pakistan over Kashmir? • Despite the wishes of Mahatma Gandhi, two separate countries were created primarily for religious reasons: India and Pakistan. • At the time of the creation of India and Pakistan the status of Kashmir (a predominantly Muslim area) was left uncertain. • Two months after that countries were created, an arrangement was made between the national government in India and the Maharaja of Kashmir which gave control to India. • War immediately erupted between India and Pakistan .

4. Division of Kashmir • The state was divide in two parts during 1947 and then again a large part of the land was severed during 1965 Indo-China war. • The state consists of three parts Indian controlled Kashmir (IcK), • Pakistan controlled Kashmir (PcK) and China controlled Kashmir (CcK).

5. Kashmir’s controlled area • In order of percentage, 48 per cent of the territory is under Indian occupation, 35 per cent is under Pakistan and rest 17 per cent is under control of China. • Total Area of Kashmir: 222236 square kilometers • India Controlled Kashmir: 106,567 sq kms • Pakistan Controlled Kashmir: 78,114 (AK= 4000 sq. miles & NA = 28000 sq. miles) • China Controlled Kashmir: 37,555

6. What have been recently done for Kashmir controversy? • In January 2004, Indian Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee and Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf agreed on a process of normalizing relations between the two countries and resolving the Kashmir problem. • Pakistan and India government have tried their best for Kashmir problem but there were fail because of unexpected terrorism activities.

7. What does people of Kashmir wants for their state? • People wants free Kashmir because they have suffered a lot due to war between india and Pakistan . • The problem is not solved for last 50 years ,that’s why people of Kashmir have lost their faith from both governments.

8. Population of Kashmir • Population of Kashmir does not having a correct figure, but approximately it is 13 million • 10 million in Indian area and 3 million in Pakistan area. • To show Kashmir on the maps has always been a big headache for different countries, agencies and companies. If they go for one version either of the three countries gets angry. Recently a decision taken by India forced Microsoft to discontinue its sale of software which depicted some parts of Kashmir as not integral part of India

9. Kashmir :a land peace or war? • No one understands the needs of Kashmir, countries like Pakistan and India are just wasting their time and money in war. • They never see the tears from a child when his/her relatives gets vanished in terrorist activities.

10. The question still is in our mind that how this problem regarding Kashmir can be solved? • Thank you for watching my presentation. Courtesy of images: By : Nayan Makwana