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Breeders, Layers and Hatching Egg Production

Breeders, Layers and Hatching Egg Production. R. Keith Bramwell, PhD Department of Poultry Science University of Arkansas. Terms. Cock: Male chicken Hen: Female Pullett: Female under six months, non laying Capon: Neutered male chicken Broiler: Raised for meat

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Breeders, Layers and Hatching Egg Production

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  1. Breeders, Layers and Hatching Egg Production R. Keith Bramwell, PhD Department of Poultry Science University of Arkansas

  2. Terms • Cock: Male chicken • Hen: Female • Pullett: Female under six months, non laying • Capon: Neutered male chicken • Broiler: Raised for meat • Layer: Egg production • Gestation: Chicken: 21 days • Production: usually 1 egg per day • Comb: Red tissue on top of head • Wattle: Red tissue hanging under beak • Brooding: the raising of baby chicks

  3. Chickens – layers or broilers: • Broilers – young meat chickens (8 weeks old or less). • Roasters – mature chickens used for meat. • Capons – castrated males 14-17 weeks old. • There are more than 200 breeds of chickens in the US. • Most layers and broilers are cross-breeds.

  4. Breeds and Varieties

  5. Breeds and Varieties • Breed is a type of chicken • Leghorn or a Plymouth Rock • Variety is defined by the variations within the breed • Leghorn – single comb vs rose comb • white vs light brown • Plymouth rock – White Rock vs Barred Rock

  6. Types of Variations • Body shape and structure • Modern game, Japanese, rumpless

  7. Types of Variations • Leg and feet variations • Silkie, Salmon Favorelle, etc • Size • Bantam, standard • Sound? • Long crowers!

  8. What is Bantam Chicken? • A small version of the larger (standard size) breed • Bantams are almost exclusively for exhibition

  9. Types of Variations • Feather color • Solid coloring • Barring, penciled, mottled

  10. Types of Variations • Feather type • Silkies, frizzles, long tails

  11. Types of Variations • Feather distribution • Polish, cochins, naked neck

  12. Types of Variations • Comb type • Single, rose, pea, v-shape, etc

  13. Comb Types Single Comb Rose Comb Blue-hen, Leghorn, Plymouth Rock, New Hampshire, Rhode Island Red Leghorn, Rhode Island Red

  14. Comb Types

  15. Comb Types V Comb Polish

  16. Comb Types Pea Comb Ameraucana, Araucana, Cornish

  17. Fertilization & Embryo Development • Fertilization occurs within 5 minutes after ovulation • Shell formation takes 24-26 hours to complete • Hen’s body temperature 104 - 106o F • Laid egg represents 1 days embryonic growth (20,000 - 40,000 cells)

  18. Day 0 of Incubation:Before Egg is Laid • Fertile/infertile determination can be made at lay • While the egg moves from initial fertilization, to shell membrane formation to shell formation in the oviduct, the embryo develops from the early to late cleavage stages • Germinal disc diameter (3-4mm) larger the first few hours after fertilization than at lay

  19. Fertile and Infertile Eggs Infertile egg Fertile egg

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