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Present Indicative and Present Progressive tenses

Present Indicative and Present Progressive tenses. Spanish 3- Review Packet. Sentences in Spanish. 1) Sentences in Spanish, like those in English, need a subject and verb in order to make it a full sentence. 2) The subject pronouns are: Singular Plural Yo I Nosotros (as) we

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Present Indicative and Present Progressive tenses

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  1. Present Indicative and Present Progressive tenses • Spanish 3- Review Packet

  2. Sentences in Spanish • 1) Sentences in Spanish, like those in English, need a subject and verb in order to make it a full sentence. • 2) The subject pronouns are: SingularPlural Yo I Nosotros (as) we Tú You(inf.) Él He Ellos they Ella She Ellas they Usted (Ud.) You (for.) Ustedes (Uds.) y'all • 3) Unlike English, subject pronouns are OPTIONAL in Spanish. Ella canta bien. OR Canta bien.

  3. 4) To negate a sentence, add the word "no" before the verb in the sentence. Ellos no nadan en el río. • 5) Why 2 ways to say "you"? *Tú is informal, used with friends and family. *Ud. is formal, used for older people or those you don’t know well to show respect. • 6) Uds. is used when you want to talk to a group of people. It can be used formally or informally, except in Spain where Vosotros is the informal you plural and Uds. is the formal you plural.

  4. Present Tense (Indicative) • The present tense talks about what is happening now at present, happens generally, and what is general fact. Ella juega fútbol. (Sheplays soccer.) Texas esgrande. (Texas is big.) • 1) Formation of Regular -AR Verbs • Endings: Yo -o Nosotros -amos Tú -as Él -a Ellos -an Ella -a Ellas -an Ud -a Uds -an • Example: Bailar (to dance) Yo bailo Nosotros bailamos Tú bailas Él, Ella, Ud baila Ellos, Ellas, Uds bailan • Examples of other regular -arverbs are lavar, cantar, hablar, sacar, tomar, llegar, llevar, necesitar, etc.

  5. Regular -ER and -IR verbs • 2) Regular -ER Verbs • Endings: Yo -o Nosotros -emos Tú -es Él -e Ellos -en Ella -e Ellas -en Ud -e Uds -en • Example: Comer (toeat) Yo como Nosotros comemos Tú comes Él, Ella, Ud come Ellos, Ellas, Uds comen • Other regular -erverbs are aprender, leer, comprender, correr, etc.

  6. 3) Regular -IR Verbs • Endings: Yo -o Nosotros -imos Tú -es Él -e Ellos -en Ella -e Ellas -en Ud -e Uds -en • Example: Vivir (tolive) Yo vivo Nosotros vivimos Tú vives Él, Ella, Ud vive Ellos, Ellas, Uds viven • Other regular -ir verbs are subir, escribir, repartir, abrir, asistir, etc. • *How can you tell which are regular verbs and which are irregular verbs? • -There is no magic solution. You have to study and memorize which are which.

  7. Irregular Present Tense Verbs • The Present Tense has regular verbs, stem-changing verbs, "yo" changers, spelling changers, and completely irregular verbs (meaning they follow no set pattern so they have to be memorized.)

  8. Stem-Changing Present Tense Verbs • There are 3 classes of stem-changing verbs in the present tense. They are called "stem" changing because the endings remain the same as regular present tense verbs while the body of the verbs experiences a change in all forms except the nosotros. These are sometimes called the "boot" or “shoe” verbs. • *Remember, you must learn which verb make which change. There is no "trick" to know. • *These verbs take REGULAR endings!

  9. E-IE • Querer (to want or love) Yo quiero Nosotros queremos Tú quieres Él Ellos Ella quiere Ellas quieren UdUds • Other verbs that have the E-IE change are: Cerrar (to close) Perder (to lose) Despertar (to wake up) Empezar(to start) Pensar (to think) Sentar (to sit) Entender (to understand) Preferir(to prefer) Divertir(se) (to have fun) Mentir (to lie) Sentir (to feel)

  10. O-UE • Dormir (tosleep) Yo duermo Nosotros dormimos Tú duermes Él Ellos Ella duerme Ellas duermen UdUds • Other verbs that have the O-UE change are: Contar (to count/tell) Volver (to return) Acostarse (to go to bed) Costar (to cost) Recordar (to remember) Jugar (to play) Encontrar (to find) Volar (to fly) Llover (to rain) morir (to die) Poder (to be able to, "can")

  11. E-I • Pedir (to ask for) Yo pido Nosotros pedimos Tú pides Él Ellos Ella pide Ellas piden UdUds • Other verbs that have the E-I change are: Repetir (to repeat) reír(se) (to laugh) Despedir(se)(to say goodbye) Seguir (to follow) Servir (to serve) Sonreír (to smile) Vestir(se) (to get dressed)

  12. "YO" Changers in the Present Tense • The following verbs only have an irregularity in the "yo" form. All forms other than "yo" follow regular present tense endings/rules with no spelling irregularities. They can be divided into 3 categories: Z,G, and Extras.

  13. Z (vowel + -cer or –cir) • Conocer (to know someone) Yo conozco Nosotros conocemos Tú conoces Él Ellos Ella conoce Ellas conocen Ud Uds *Other verbs that have the Z change are:

  14. G • Hacer (to do/make) Yo hago Nosotros hacemos Tú haces Él Ellos Ella hace Ellas hacen Ud Uds  *Other verbs that have the G change are:

  15. Yo Extras • Ver (to see) Yo veo Nosotros vemos Tú ves Él Ellos Ella ve Ellas ven UdUds • Dar (to give) Yo doy Nosotros damos Tú das Él Ellos Ella da Ellas dan UdUds • Saber (to know something) Yo sé Nosotros sabemos Tú sabes Él Ellos Ella sabe Ellas saben UdUds

  16. The completely Irregular Present Tense verbs are: • Venir (to come) Yo vengo Nosotros venimos Tú vienes Él Ellos Ella viene Ellas vienen UdUds • Tener (to have) Yo tengo Nosotros tenemos Tú tienes Él Ellos Ella tiene Ellas tienen UdUds • *These changes apply for any verb with the above verbs in the body. For example: detener, obtener, intervenir, etc.

  17. Decir (tosay) Yo digo Nosotros decimos Tú dices Él Ellos Ella dice Ellas dicen UdUds • Ir (to go) Yo voy Nosotros vamos Tú vas Él Ellos Ella va Ellas van UdUds

  18. Estar (to be) Yo estoy Nosotros estamos Tú estás Él Ellos Ella está Ellas están UdUds • Ser (to be) Yo soy Nosotros somos Tú eres Él Ellos Ella es Ellas son UdUds • Oír (to hear) Yo oigo Nosotros oímos Tú oyes Él Ellos Ella oye Ellas oyen UdUds

  19. SpellingChanges in thePresent Tense • 1. Verbs ending in -UIR The verbs ending in –uir (except –guir), a “y” is inserted after the “u” in all forms except those for nosotros and vosotros. • Example: Huir (to flee)

  20. Other verbs that have the same change: Concluir = to conclude, end Construir = to construct Contribuir = to contribute Destruir = to destroy Distribuir = to distribute Incluir = to include Influir = to influence Sustituir = to substitute

  21. 2. Verbsending in –iar and - uar • Someverbsending in –iaror –uar stress the “i” orthe “u” (í, ú) in allformsexceptthosefor nosotros and vosotros.  • Example: Enviar (tosend) • Otherverbswiththatchange: • Confiar (en ) = torelyon, toconfide in • Espiar = tospy • Fiarse (de) = to trust • Guiar = to guide • Resfriarse = to catch a cold • Variar = tovary

  22. Example: Continuar (to continue) • Other verbs with that change: Actuar = to act Graduarse = to graduate

  23. 3. Verbsending in –geror -gir • In verbsending in –geror –gir, the “g” changesto a “j” beforetheletters “o” and “a.” • Example: Dirigir (todirect) • Otherverbswiththesamechange: • Afligir = toafflict, togrieve • Coger = toseize, tograsp, to catch • Escoger = tochoose, toselect • Exigir = todemand, torequire • Fingir = topretend • Proteger = toprotect • Recoger = togather, to pick up

  24. 4. Verbsending in -guir • In the verbs ending in –guir, the “gu” changes to “g” before the letters “o” or “a.” • Example: Distinguir (to distinguish) • Verbs that have the same change: Extinguir = to extinguish

  25. Note: someverbswithspellingchangesalsohavestemchanges *Corregir = tocorrect • Corrijo, corriges, corrige, corregimos, corrigen • Verbs with the same change: elegir ( to elect, choose) • *Seguir = tofolloworcontinue • Sigo, sigues, sigue, seguimos, siguen • Verbswiththesamechange: Conseguir = toget, toobtain, tosucceed in Perseguir – topursue, topersecute Proseguir = tocontinue, toproceed

  26. Practice 1 • 1) (enseñar) La profesora _____________ clase. • 2) (bailar) Ellos ____________ todos los días. • 3) (lavar) Yo no _________ mi coche mucho. • 4) (cantar) Nosotros no ___________ en clase. • 5) (sacar) ¿_____________ (tú) buenas notas? • 6) (necesitar) Uds.______ comprar un cuaderno. • 7) (comprar) Luis___________ zapatos nuevos. • 8) (tomar) Tú_________ el autobús, ¿verdad? • 9) (estudiar) Los chicos_______ mucho en casa. • 10) (llegar) Nosotros no _______ tarde a clase.

  27. Practice 2 • 1) (comprender) La profesora __________ griego. • 2) (subir) Ellos ____________ las escaleras. • 3) (aprender) Yo _________ mucho en la escuela. • 4) (leer) Nosotros _____ en la biblioteca. • 5) (correr) ?____________ (tú) todos los días? • 6)(escribir) Uds._________ en sus cuadernos. • 7) (comer) Luis__________ en el restaurante. • 8) (abrir) Nosotros ________ los regalos.

  28. Practice 3 • Complete the dialog with the appropriate present tense form of verb in parenthesis. Can youtranslatethesentencesintoEnglish? • -¿Qué __________ (decir) la profesora? Yo no________ (oír) nada desde aquí. • -Yo tampoco. Yo ________ (ir) a sentarme allí. Sus conferencias siempre __________ (entretener) mucho. ¿________(venir) conmigo?

  29. Continued… • -Sí, claro. Mis amigos ___________ (decir) que cuando ellos __________ (estar) en su clase, nunca se aburren. • -Oye, _________ (venir) muchas personas. • -Yo___________(tener) que encontrarme con Mateo. Nosotros _________ (ir) a la piscina después de la conferencia. • -De acuerdo. Aquí nosotros _______ (estar) cerca de la puerta y también ________ (oír) todo lo que ella ________ (decir). 

  30. Present Progressive • Progressive tenses are compound tenses. They consist of a verb or motion and a gerund (present participle). These tenses talk about events that are in motion, in progress or continuing. • Step 1: Forming Gerunds/Present Participles • (Remember, once formed, the same gerund is used for every subject, regular or irregular.)

  31. REGULAR gerunds • The formation of IRREGULAR gerunds. A) The verbs "Ir" and "Oír" and verbs that end in -aer, -eer, and -uir have gerunds ending in -yendo. • Ir - Yendo Traer - trayendo • Oír - Oyendo Leer - Leyendo • Construir - Construyendo

  32. B) Stem-changing –ar and –er verbs do not have a stem change in the gerund:  • Jugar-jugandovolver- volviendo • C) Stem changing –ir verbs have the following stem change in the gerund (OR you can think of it as PreteriteChancla verbs have the same spelling changes in the gerund.) • -e to i -o to u • Pedir-Pidiendo Dormir-Durmiendo • D) Onestomemorize • Venir - Viniendo • Decir - Diciendo • Poder - Pudiendo • Reír - Riendo

  33. Practice (Present Progressive) • Complete with the present progressive. • 1. El niño (escuchar) _____________________el reloj cucú. • 2. Los atletas (recibir)_____________________ otro trofeo. • 3. Yo (ponerse)________________________ unas sandalias. • 4. Julio y yo (hacer)_______________________ un lío aquí. • 5. Los bebés (dormir)___________________ tranquilamente. • 6. ¡Tú (despertarse)_____________________ tempranísimo! • 7. El turista (buscar)________________________ su pasaporte. • 8. El testigo (decir)_______________________ más mentiras. • 9. Nosotros (volver)___________________ de las vacaciones. • 10. Yo (divertirse)___________________ mucho en la playa.

  34. Tarea

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