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United Nations Peace Keeping Missions!

United Nations Peace Keeping Missions!. UN Peacekeepers are sent into countries at end of civil war or conflict. Why are there so many Civil Wars in Africa? Many causes of these civil wars!. Many Reasons for Civil Wars in Africa!. Root Causes!. Over Looked Causes!.

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United Nations Peace Keeping Missions!

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  1. United Nations Peace Keeping Missions! • UN Peacekeepers are sent into countries at end of civil war or conflict. • Why are there so many Civil Wars in Africa? • Many causes of these civil wars!

  2. Many Reasons for Civil Wars in Africa! Root Causes! Over Looked Causes! Colonial Legacy- exploitation of resources & divide and rule strategy. U.S. and Soviet Union intervention during the Cold War! • Politically corrupt African leaders • Leads or warlords commit Human Rights abuses • Lack of respect for laws, or no real laws in country.

  3. Scramble for Africa= European Colonialism 1880-1914

  4. Europeans scrambled to take over all parts of Africa.

  5. Europeans wanted Natural Resources! Diamonds, oil, minerals, Rubber– rich resources

  6. European used this strategy throughout Africa

  7. Divide & RuleBelgians in Rwanda Division of Ethnicities later leads to Civil War in Rwanda Rwanda

  8. After Independence, civil war for decades between Hutus & Tutsis led to Genocide of Tutsis Belgians had put Tutsis in power, against the Hutus

  9. Divide and Rule in the Sudan- Led to Civil War between North and South Sudan British Developed and favored the Arab North; ignoring the Southern Part of the Country

  10. Uganda, North- Acholi & Lango, South- Bantu groups British created tensions between different groups- Divide and Rule

  11. Belgian’s did NOT use Divide & Rule but they did Exploit resources of Congo

  12. Europeans create borders for Newly Independent Countries! No concern for the different ethnic or cultural groups that were within the borders.

  13. Another Cause of Civil Wars U.S. and Soviets interventions in African to stop Communism! U.S. supported corrupt leaders to stop communism!

  14. Democratic Leader & Pres. Lumumba viewed as communist! Patrice Lumumba- 1st Elected leader of Congo CIA & rebels in Congo deposed Lumumba.

  15. After Lumumba, U.S. helps Joseph Mobutu becomes leader & He exploits the Congo resources as well Mobutu is anti- communist, but very corrupt!

  16. Cold War- Mobutu “anti-communist” President Reagan & Mobutu

  17. In Uganda the U.S. supported this corrupt, Anti- communist Leader- Idi Amin 1971-1979 Supported by western governments & supplied with weapons!

  18. Weapons to corrupt leaders (anti communist); fueled civil wars • Throughout the Cold War (1950-1989), the U.S. delivered over $1.5 Billion worth of weaponry to Africa. • Top U.S. arms clients- Liberia, Somalia, the Sudan, and the Congo

  19. Huge deposits of minerals, oil, diamonds in Congo African leaders exploit minerals

  20. UN Peacekeeping, complex & difficult Without the UN Many More deaths in world from Wars!

  21. UN Peace Keeping is very complex and difficult! • When a war ends, 4 out of 10 of those conflicts would re-emerge in war if the U.N. wasn’t there! • To go into places that has no real government and try to bring stability and rebuild a country is very difficult! • In the last 60 years, there have been 63 peacekeeping missions & 45 of them have been closed (some successful & some unsuccessful) • Over 115,000 U.N. Peacekeepers, military, civilians, police, engineers…etc.

  22. Case Studies in class • The Congo (Zaire) • Focus; effects of colonialism, U.S. Foreign policy during the Cold War & power of U.S. multinational companies. • Congo does not experience a civil war, but a brutal invasion from it’s neighboring countries that leads to killing of over 6 million people. • No international response to this brutal African World War! • Rwanda • Focus; effects of colonialism led to civil war- U.N. Peacekeepers are in country at end of war…. But genocide begins as war is ending.. • No U.N. intervention to stop the genocide – abuse of “veto” power in the security council of the United Nations. • Sudan • Focus; effects of colonialism leads to a civil war and genocide in Darfur. • Abuse of “veto” power in the security council of the United Nations to stop the human rights abuse during civil war and genocide in Darfur..

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