Presentation Transcript

1. ** neither side confronted each other on a battle field

   Cold war: Conflict between US and SU

2. Yalta- FDR, Churchill, Stalin Potsdam- Truman, Clement, Stalin
3. 50 nations, General assembly Responsible for peace keeping “Big 5” United Nations
4. Soviets control of Eastern Europe Satellite nation: reflect views or dominated by USSR (communist) East Germany, Czech, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Albania, Poland
5. Barrier separating politics between Eastern Europe and Western Europe Containment: Stop the spread of communism Iron Curtain
6. Turkey and Greece Providing aid to any country in the world fighting against communism Truman Doctrine
7. Secretary of state George Marshall $17 billion to rebuild Europe Aid against hunger, poverty, DESPARATION, CHAOS Make sure economy is stable so communists would not have an opportunity to take over Marshall Plan
8. Western Germany (four zones) Eastern German (one zone) Yalta, Potsdam conferences Germany Reunification p. 605
9. No written agreement to have access to East Berlin SU blocked East Berlin Enough supplies for 5 weeks Berlin Airlif Berlin Airlift
10. North Atlantic Treaty Organization Western Europe Military alliance Soviet response- Warsaw Pact (countries listed on page 1) NATO
11. Chiang Kai-Shekvs Mao Zedong US supports by sending $2 billion to China Nationalists weak military and corrupt government Peasants drawn to communist side Shek over run by communist party Flees to Taiwan China now communist Est of People’s Republic of China Containment failed! China
12. Japan took over in 1910 and left in 1945 North of the 38th parallel belong to the soviets Two zones (one communist and one democratic) 1948, Republic of Korea (South Korea) occupied by the US South Korea led by Syngman Rhee based in Seoul 1950- NK invaded SK UN- assist NK Korea
13. 16 nations sent aid to SK- 90% US troops led by General Douglas MacArthur NK control in SK up to Pusan Peninsula Counteroffensive by China- led by Mao, able to get Seoul China now in the war on NK side MacArthur wanted to invade and blockade China
14. China had a mutual pact with Soviets Attacking China would set off WWIII MacArthur: Unconditional surrender of NK MacArthur criticism; MacArthur fired Summer 1951, Korean War- stalemate Congress did not declare war, Truman sent troops along with the UN Truman fears Soviet Intervention
15. Soviets pushed for seize fire June 23, 1951 Truce talks July 1951 July 1953, armistice signed Effects of war: 54,000 US soldiers died $67 billion Unsuccessful war, public opinion look down on Democrat Party (Truman) Korea Cease Fire
16. Korea TodayNorth Korea and South Korea North Korea- Communist South Korea- Democratic Kim Jong-Un Park Geun-hye
17. Nuclear arms race began with Truman US creates the first atomic bomb Soviets detonates atomic bomb in 1947 Hydrogen bomb (H-bomb) 67x what was dropped on Hiroshima- detonated in September 1,1952 Soviets sucessfully create H-bomb in 1953 Truman nuclear arms race
18. Truman Presidency- US vs SU who can have the most deadliest nuclear weapon Soviets successful detonate atomic bomb in 1947 US responds with Hydrogen bomb (67x power of bomb dropped on Hiroshima) Who will be the first to produce Hydrogen bomb?? November 1, 1952 US won the race Less than a year later, Soviets will produce H-bomb Nuclear Arms Race
19. 1953-1961 34th president Graduated from West Point Five-Star general in WWII First supreme commander NATO Army Chief of Staff under Truman Dwight Eisenhower- Republican
20. Eisenhower 1953 president Secretary of State John Foster Dulles- moral crusade against communists Use nuclear weapons and force to contain communism Go to the edge of an all out war (threat of nuclear warfare)- BRINKMANSHIP Expanded Air Force (the ones to deliver the bombs)
21. Eisenhower’s containment foreign policy: Brinkmanship (go to the edge of an all out war; use the threat of nuclear attack) US trimmed its army and navy and expanded its air force and build up nuclear weapons Eisenhower and brinkmanship
22. Common under Eisenhower’s administration School drills Families built underground fallout shelters Fear of nuclear war “Duck and Cover” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q899D06W53k Air raid drills
23. July 1955, Eisenhower calls a meeting with Stalin “open skies”- fly against each other’s territory to make sure no surprise attacks Step toward peace? Geneva Summit
24. 1955 GB and US agreed to help Egypt finance construction of a dam at Aswan on the Nile River Gamal Abdel-Nasser- head of Egypt’s gov Relations with SU and US US found out-Dulles removed loan offer Nasser nationalized Suez Canal (owned by Frace and GB) Nasser would not let ships bound to Israel pass through GB, France and Israel sent in troops to Med end of canal UN stepped in- Egypt control of canal Suez Crisis
25. Middle east- the “neutral” countries in between Western (democratic) and Eastern (communist) countries Most countries did not favor Israel, so sided with Egypt in Suez Crisis Eisenhower issued his doctrine (Eisenhower Doctrine) in January 1957: US would defend the Middle East against an attack by an communist country. Middle east
26. Dominated by SU after WWII 1956- wanted to be democratic Imre Nagy- Hungarian leader Read Hungarian Uprising on page 625 How does this incident compare to what is happening in Ukraine? Hungary
27. http://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/03/14/russia-says-it-has-right-to-intervene-after-deadly-violence-in-ukraine/ http://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/03/14/russia-says-it-has-right-to-intervene-after-deadly-violence-in-ukraine/
28. Eisenhower’s administration relied upon National Security Council and the Central Intelligence Agency Spies to gather information abroad Covert (secret) operations to weaken or overthrow governments that the US thought were a threat to democracy Head of CIA- Allen Dulles (sec of state’s brother) CIA and covert actions
29. 1953 Stalin died from heart attack Nikita Khruschev “communism take over the world peacefully” Space Race October, 1957- Soviets launched Sputnik, world’s first satellite to travel around the earth. Triumph in Soviet technology Americans shocked, poured money into space programs, NASA American public worried- long range ballistic missiles now able to reach US US first attempt to launch satellite, embarrassing January 1958, US launch first satellite successfully Stalin dies
30. Sputnik Not Sputnik
31. NASA-National Aeronautics and Space Administration NDEA- National Defense Education Act response to the Soviet launch of Sputnik To help ensure that highly trained individuals would be available to help America compete with the Soviet Union improvement of science, mathematics, and foreign language instruction Response to Sputnik
32. a communist victory in one nation would quickly lead to a chain reaction of communist takeovers in neighboring states This theory was later used in Southeast Asia for support of South Vietnam Domino theory- thought through much of Cold war
33. Military Industrial Complex Do not mix close partnership with industry (business) and military Business will start to determine military actions http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8y06NSBBRtY Eisenhower’s farewell address to nation
34. Another way to combat communism Provide news to Eastern Europe or Middle East where the free flow of information is either banned by government authorities or not fully developed US government funds the radio station 1949 Music and uncensored news, broadcasting USSR tried to stop and spent more money trying to stop it than we spent trying to fund it Radio Free Europe
35. Navy- south pacific in WWII Senate Sep 26, 1960 Kennedy-Nixon TV Debate youth and charm, marks a turning point in the election 1960- 35th president 1960-1963 presidency Assassinated John F. Kennedy
36. Flexible response- redefine the nation’s nuclear strategy Opposite from Eisenhower’s mass retaliation/brinkmanship policy The US would have more ways to handle aggressions rather than nuclear weapons More money in ground troops Kennedy’s foreign policy
37. Increase defense spending in order to boost conventional military forces- nonnuclear Troops, ships, and artillery Elite branch of the army: Special Forces or Green Berets US now able to fight limited wars while maintaining nuclear balance of power (avoid suicide) Flexible response
38. U.S. Budget, 1950-2010 Percentage Spent on Defense
39. Batista Cuban leader US mafia owned most of Cuban businesses Castro- young, lawyer (personally disgusted with Cuba’s situation) Red-light districts, casinos, restaurants, etc Cuban Revolution 1953-1959 US helped Castro because of promise of Democracy Covert operations in cuba
40. Seized three American and British refineries Broke up commercial lands used for sugar plantations- (US made profits from this) Wanted America’s strong hold on Cuba out US trade embargo (sugar) Cuba looks towards Soviets for assistance Some Cubans saw Castro as a dictator 10% exiles- Miami, Fl Castro