Anatomical Position

Introduction to Anatomy Anatomical Position • Standing erect, with palms and feet facing forward • Is the standard reference point in which all positions, movements, and planes are described

Anatomical Terms Worksheet

Introduction to Anatomy • Positions and Directions Prone : Lying face down Supine : Lying face up Unilateral : Pertaining to one side of the body Bilateral : Pertaining to both sides of the body

Introduction to Anatomy • Anatomical Planes • Fixed lines of reference along which the body is often divided or sectioned to facilitate viewing of its structures • Allow one to obtain a three-dimensional perspective by studying the body from different views explanation of planes of motion video pdf file- intro to anatomy

Introduction to Anatomy • Anatomical Planes Sagittal plane • The plane dividing the body into right and left portions • Also anteroposterior • Midsagittal or median are names for the plane dividing the body into equal right and left halves Sagittal Plan

Introduction to Anatomy • Anatomical Planes Frontal plane • The plane dividing the body into front and back portions • Also called the Coronal plane

Introduction to Anatomy • Anatomical Planes Horizontal plane • The horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions • Also called the Transverse plane

Introduction to Anatomy • Anatomical Axes An axis is a straight line around which an object rotates. Movement at the joint take place in a plane about an axis. There are three axis of rotation. THE GENERAL RULE: The axis of rotation is perpendicular to the plane of movement.

Introduction to Anatomy Relationship Between Planes and Axes

Introduction to Anatomy Describe the following motions in terms of its plane of motion. Cartwheel Back somersault Head spin Pirouette Side hops Split Front roll Frontal Sagittal Transverse or horizontal Transverse or horizontal Frontal Frontal Sagittal

Introduction to Anatomy Describe the following motions in terms of its plane of motion & axis of rotation Plane Axis Sagittal frontal Frontal sagittal Transverse longitudinal (Horizontal) Shoulder flexion/extension Hip abduction Head rotation

Introduction to Anatomy Moving in the three planes of motion How do we train our bodies? Consider the following: •Which planes of motion? • Think of gym equipment (machines vs free weights) • Function activities – daily life activities • Movements in sports

Introduction to Anatomy Moving in the three planes of motion Our bodies generally move in more than one plane at a time. Moving in the 3 planes of motion clips Which plane of movement is usually neglected in training? Answer: Transverse (horizontal) Plane

Introduction to Anatomy Assignment: For each plan of motion list and describe 3 exercises/ warm-ups. Your description should include what plane(s) it is moving in and which axis (axes) is/are involved. If you choose a multi-joint exercise you only need to describe one joint during the exercise. (Name that joint in your description) You can include pictures in your description.

Gummy Bear DissectionLAB • Cadaver Bear • Dissecting Tray • Scalpel

Introduction to Anatomy Terms of Position & Direction • Superior (cranial)is a term used to describe a place that is toward the upper part of the body. For example the skull is superior to the shoulders. Superior can also be used to mean above. • When the lower part of the body (or below is referred to, the term inferior (caudal) is used. For example, the knees are inferior to the shoulders.

Introduction to Anatomy Terms of Position & Direction • Lateralmeans towards the side of the body or away from the middle imaginary body line (the midline). For example, the humerus is lateral to the sternum • Medial is used to describe the position of a part of the body located towards the midline. For example, coccyx is medial to the carpals.

Introduction to Anatomy Terms of Position & Direction • Anterior (ventral)is used to describe the front or towards the front of the body. For example, the sternum is anterior to the vertebrae. • Posterior (dorsal)is used to describe the back of the body. For example, the vertebral column is posterior to the sternum.

Introduction to Anatomy Terms of Position & Direction • Proximal means closer to the center of the body. For example, the shoulder is proximal in relation to the hand. • Distalmeans away from the center of the body. For example, the hand is distal in relation to the head. These are only used when discussing limbs

Introduction to Anatomy Terms of Position & Direction Ipsilateralmeans ‘on the same side’ of a reference point. Contralateral means ‘on the opposite side’ of a reference point.

Introduction to Anatomy Terms of Position & Direction Superficial refers on the surface or exterior. Deep refers to internal or inside. A structure closer to the surface of the body is superficial, while a structure further away from the surface is deep.

Introduction to Anatomy Terms of Position & Direction Activity: Give an example of the use of the following terms in relation to body parts, bones or muscles: e.g. “the patella is _________ to the scapula.” • Inferior/Superior : Caudal/Cranial • Proximal/Distal • Medial/Lateral • Posterior/Anterior : Dorsal/Ventral • Superficial/Deep • Ipsilateral/Contralateral

Movements • Flexion • Extension • Hyperextension • Adduction • Abduction • Prontaion • Supination • Retraction • Protraction • Elevation • Depression • Rotation • Circumduction • External Rotation • Internal Rotation • Inversion • Eversion • Dorsiflexion • Plantarflexion • Radial Deviation • Ulnar Deviation • Opposition Movements of the body video

Introduction to Anatomy Movements Flexion • Bending a joint or decreasing the angle between two bones • In the Fetal Position we are flexing our joints Extension • Straightening a joint or increasing the angle between two bones • In the Anatomical Position we are extending our joints Hyperextension • Excessive extension of the parts at a joint beyond anatomical position.

Introduction to Anatomy • Flexion / Extension / Hyperextension

Introduction to Anatomy Movements Adduction • Moving a body part towards the midline of the body Abduction • Moving a body part away from the midline of the body

Introduction to Anatomy Movements Pronation • Turning the arm or foot downward • (palm or sole of the foot - down) • Prone Supination • Turning the arm or foot upward • (palm or sole of the foot - up) • Supine Over-pronation in the ankle

Introduction to Anatomy Movements Retraction - Moving a part backward Protraction - Moving a part forward Elevation - Raising a part Depression - Lowering a part (Occurs at the shoulders as well)

Introduction to Anatomy Movements Rotation • Turning on a single axis Circumduction • Tri-planar, circular motion at the hip or shoulder Internal rotation • Rotation of the hip or shoulder toward the midline External rotation • Rotation of the hip or shoulder away from the midline

Introduction to Anatomy Movements Lateral Flexion • Side-bending left or right

Introduction to Anatomy Movements of the foot Inversion • Turning the sole of the foot inward Eversion • Turning the sole of the foot outward Dorsiflexion • Ankle movement bringing the foot towards the shin Plantarflexion • Ankle movement pointing the foot downward

Introduction to Anatomy Movements of the wrist & thumb Radial Deviation • Movement of the wrist towards the radius or lateral side. Ulnar Deviation • Movement of the wrist towards the ulna or medial side. Opposition • Movement of the thumb across the palm of the hand.

Introduction to Anatomy Additional ROM

Anatomical Position