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Native Americans and settlers of Ohio

Native Americans and settlers of Ohio. Pre-Historic Indians. Prehistoric- We have no written records of this time period or of these people. We use clues like artifacts in burial sites, tools, stone and ceramic pots and clothing to learn about them. Paleo -Indians.

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Native Americans and settlers of Ohio

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  1. Native Americans and settlersof Ohio

  2. Pre-Historic Indians Prehistoric- We have no written records of this time period or of these people. We use clues like artifacts in burial sites, tools, stone and ceramic pots and clothing to learn about them.

  3. Paleo-Indians • Hunted wild animals for food like mammoths, caribou, oxen, and wolves • Gathered seeds, nuts, & roots from wild plants • Used bones and needles to sew animal hides for clothes and blankets. • See page 31 Ohio Adventures

  4. Archaic Indians Lived in Ohio’s tall forests Hunters that used spears Developed the atlatl, a hooked spear thrower Hunted deer, turkeys, bears, ducks, geese Used all parts of animals: flesh-food, hides-clothing & moccosins, bones-tools, sinew (muscle)-sewing, teeth-ornaments & necklaces

  5. Woodland Indians • Hunters and gatherers • However, were first to grow own food and save it for winter. • Did not move so much in order to find food • Lived in semi-permanent villages • Were moundbuilders (many different shapes) • Burial mounds • Religious ceremonies • Protection forts

  6. Adena Indians Sites near rivers or streams Water needed for cooking, drinking, washing and transportation. Planted and harvested crops Lived in caves or homes made with woven branches & grasses 2 types of Mounds Coneshaped…burial Effigy…animal shaped P. 37 Great Serpent Mound

  7. Hopewell Indians Hunted, Gathered & Raised Crops Built villages near rivers Like Adena, lived in southern part of Ohio, but moved Northward Mounds were geometric in shape; circle, rectangle, square, octogon & concentric circles (circles inside circles) Hopewell traded more than Adena

  8. Historic Indians of Ohio Historic…we have written records about these Indians. http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org Wyandot Miami Ottawa Shawnee Delaware Mingo

  9. Common Characteristics of All Tribes • Lived in groups- cousins, aunts, uncles and grandparents under one roof • Everyone had a job Men-hunted, fished, cleared fields, defended villages Women-planted, harvested crops, cooked, prepared animal skins Children-copied parents

  10. Characteristics Continued • All wore warm leggings, skirts, robes of animal furs, moccasins, sashes, beading, painted skin • All used wool blankets • All believed in the Great Spirit • All participated in ceremonies • Every tribe had two leaders -village chief -war chief

  11. The Wyandot Homes: -Longhouses -Sandusky River Known Artifacts: -Wooden Masks Famous Chief: Tarhe the Crane Interesting Facts: -called “Grandfathers” -brave and wise people -friends of the Shawnee

  12. Tarhe the Crane

  13. The Miami Homes: -wigwams -Great Miami River and Little Miami River near Piqua What did the people do? -women were excellent farmers -farmed white corn and had large fruit orchards Known Artifacts: -moccasins What did they wear? -wore few clothes -covered bodies in tattoos Famous Chief: Little Turtle Interesting Facts: -brave warriors

  14. Little Turtle

  15. The Mingo Homes: -wigwams and longhouses -Cuyahoga River in North Eastern Ohio Known Artifacts: -masks Interesting Facts: -wanted to be left alone to live in peace -village called Mingo Town

  16. The Ottawa Homes: -tepees and longhouses -Maumee River What did the people do? -traders Known Artifacts: -beaded pouches Famous Chief: Pontiac Interesting Fact: -best traders in Great Lake Region -many great warriors

  17. Pontiac

  18. The Shawnee Homes: -wigwams -Scioto River in Southern Ohio Known Artifacts: -carrying bags What did the people wear? -loved silver -tall and handsome people Famous Chiefs: Tecumseh and Blue Jacket Interesting Facts: -brave and respected warriors -Tecumseh

  19. Tecumseh and Blue Jacket

  20. The Delaware Homes: -wigwams -Muskingum and Tuscarawas Rivers -last tribe to settle in Ohio Known Artifacts: -dolls Famous Chief: Chief Mingo Interesting Facts: -called “Grandfathers” -oldest Indian nation -fought settlers

  21. Chief Mingo

  22. Europeans immigrate to America! Reasons include: 1. Religious Persecution… being killed because of their religion 2. Famine or disease in their home country 3. The desire for a better life without living in poverty. 4. America was a land of opportunity

  23. How did the expansion of European settlements effect the Native Americans? Read Ohio p. 89-92 Settlers cut down trees and cleared land for towns and farms. Many wild animals disappeared. Indians caught diseases from white men. Some drank settlers whiskey and became alcoholics and no longer took care of family..

  24. Read & Discuss: Katie’s Wish…Barbara Shook Hazen Annushka’s voyage…Edith Tarbescu The Memory Coat…Elvira Woodruff When Jessie Came Across the Sea…Amy Hest

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