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CHAPTER Network Hardware

CHAPTER Network Hardware. Chapter Objectives. Describe the important basic network hardware and the internetworking hardware Discuss the desired characteristics of a server and a workstation Present different switching technologies Examine the routing process with the help of an example.

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CHAPTER Network Hardware

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  1. CHAPTER Network Hardware

  2. Chapter Objectives • Describe the important basic network hardware and the internetworking hardware • Discuss the desired characteristics of a server and a workstation • Present different switching technologies • Examine the routing process with the help of an example

  3. Introduction Module 1 (4-06)

  4. Network Hardware Categories • Local networking hardware • Internetworking hardware

  5. Local Networking Hardware • Network Interface Cards (NICs) • Cables • Connectors • Line drivers or repeaters • Hubs / Switches • Servers • Workstations

  6. Internetworking Hardware • Line drivers or repeaters • Transceivers • Bridges • Switches • Routers • Gateways

  7. Current Day Internetworking Devices • Mostly confined to the following: • Switches • Routers

  8. Folding of Devices into Switches • Show Diagram

  9. Folding of Devices into routers • Show Diagram

  10. Manageable Devices • Switches and routers in a large network can be managed from a remote console

  11. End of Module

  12. MODULE Network Interface Cards (NICs)

  13. NIC Basics • Technology used • Connectors used • Speed of the network • Interface technologies

  14. An Actual NIC Description • 100BaseTX, PCI card • 100 = speed in Mbps • Base =Ethernet • TX = Twisted pair • 32-bit = bus width; it may also be 64-bit wide • PCI = bus technology

  15. 10BaseT NIC • 10BaseT cards • Physical star and logical bus networks • 10 Mbps speed • Ethernet standard • Twisted pair wiring • RJ-45 Connectors

  16. 10Base2 NIC • 10base2 cards • Physical bus and logical bus networks • 10 Mbps speed • Ethernet standard • Thin coaxial wiring • BNC connectors

  17. 10Base5 NICs • 10Base5 • Physical bus and logical star networks • 10 Mbps speed • Ethernet standard • Thick coaxial wiring • AUI connectors are used • Note: 10BaseT, 10Base2 and 10Base5 are not used widely in practice anymore

  18. 100BaseTX NIC • 100BaseTX • 100 Mbps speed • Fast Ethernet standard • Twisted pair • Higher quality Category 5 wires are normally required to implement 100 mbps Ethernet networks

  19. 1000BaseT NICs • 1000BaseT • 1000 Mbps • Ethernet • Twisted-pair wire • Category 5e • 1000BaseF • 1000 Mbps • Ethernet • Optical fiber wire

  20. 1000BaseT NICSource: 3Com Note the RJ-45 connection and the status lights on the card

  21. Gigabit Ethernet Fiber NICSource: 3Com • Note the two connectors for • the RX and TX connections • For use with PCI and PCI-X • servers

  22. Gigabit Ethernet NIC Properties(Source: 3Com) • Tenfold throughput boost: accelerate Fast Ethernet server connections to 1000 Mbps • Fiber-optic cabling supports data security and faster throughput • Automatic link aggregation and fail-over allow multiple NIC connections to be installed • Advanced server features maximize availability, scalability, and fault tolerance

  23. Gigabit Ethernet NIC Properties(Source: 3Com) • 64-bit PCI and PCI-X support: faster transmissions with lower CPU utilization • Centralized, standards-compliant management lowers network administration time and total cost of ownership • TCP/UDP/IP checksum offloads reduce host CPU load for improved system performance • PCI Hot-Plug lets you remove/replace server NICs without taking the server offline

  24. Token Ring Cards • Token ring network cards • Earlier token ring cards • 4/1 Mbps • Later token ring cards • 16/4 Mbps • Newer token ring cards • Fast token ring networks • 100/16/4 Mbps

  25. PCI Bus Types for NICs • Width • Bus width is 32-bit or 64-bit • Bus frequency • 33 MHz • 66 MHz • 100 MHz etc. • Technology • PCI • PCI-X • PCI Express

  26. Source: Tomshardware: www6.tomshardware.com/howto/02q3/020904/diy-06.html

  27. Cable Connections for NICs • BNC barrel connector • Thin coaxial • RJ 45 • Twisted pair • Note the difference between RJ 11 and RJ-45 • RJ-11 is smaller and it is used in telephone connection • RJ-45 is larger and it is used in LAN connections

  28. Different Coax Connectors

  29. Coaxial Cable Connectors T connector Network Interface Card Thin coaxial cable BNC Terminator

  30. AUI and Combo Cable Connections for NICs • AUI Possibilities • Designed for a thick coaxial cable • Designed for a token ring network • Combo Cards • Consisting of different ports • BNC, RJ-45, AUI

  31. RJ-45 Connectors RJ-45 Port RJ-45 Connector

  32. Possible Combo Card Connections • Thin coaxial cables (BNC) • Twisted pair wires (RJ-45) • Phone connection (RJ11) • Thick coaxial cables (AUI)

  33. Wireless Network Interface Cards • IEEE 802.11b • 2.4 GHz, 11 Mbps • IEEE 802.11b+, IEEE 802.11g? • 2.4 GHz, up to 20% more throughput • IEEE 802.11a • 5.8 GHz, 54 Mbps • IEEE 802.11g • 2.4 GHz, 54 Mbps, 108 Mbps (Full duplex)? • IEEE 802.11n

  34. Example of Older 10Base2 Card BNC Source: Black Box

  35. Example of Older 10BaseT Card ISA RJ 45 Source: Black Box

  36. Example of Older Combo Card RJ 45 Combo BNC Source: Black Box

  37. D-Link Fast Ethernet Card (100BaseTX)

  38. D-Link 100BaseTX Specs(Source D-Link) • A manageable 10/100MB Dual Speed Ethernet PCI Network Interface Card with Wake-On-LAN (WOL) • Fully compliant with IEEE802.3 10Base-T, IEEE 802.3u 100Base-T specifications • Supports ACPI/WOL (Advanced Configuration Power Management Interface) feature, IP Multicast packet filtering, PXE (PreBoot execution Environment) Boot ROM, IEEE 802.1p, IEEE 802.1Q, and DMI (Desktop Management Interface).

  39. A Note on Remote Wake on LAN(Source: Intel) • A remote wake-up technology that enables you to remotely power systems "on" for off-hours maintenance. A result of the Intel-IBM Advanced Manageability Alliance and part of the Wired for Management Baseline Specification, this technology helps save time on automated software installations, upgrades, disk backups and virus scans. Equally important, it increases end-user productivity by moving such planned disruptions to off-hours.

  40. Fast Ethernet PC Multi-Port Card NIC and modem connections

  41. Fast Ethernet Card Specs. The D-Link DMF-560TX is a 10/100Mb Dual Speed Ethernet PC Card with an integrated V.90/K56flex Data/Fax Modem. The DMF-560TX is targeted at notebook and laptop users that connect to a wide variety of data-communications devices and services, and require access to faster technologies. Laptop users are able to seamlessly connect to both Ethernet and Fast Ethernet LANs, as well as send and receive faxes, connect to the Internet, and dial into a Remote Access Server or PC using this one PCMCIA PC Card solution. The DMF-560TX strictly adheres to the IEEE Ethernet standards and the ITU Data Communications and Modem standards in order to ensure maximum interoperability. The DMF-560TX attempts to connect at the highest speed supported by an ISP, LAN, host modem, or fax machine and automatically defaults to a lower speed until a stable connection can be created.

  42. Fast Ethernet Card Operational Specs. • Modem Operating Protocols • V.90 (down-stream up to 56,000 bps) • K56flex (down-stream up to 56,000 bps) • V.34bis (up to 33,600 bps) • V.34 (2,400 to 28,800 bps) • V.32bis, V.32, V.22bis, V.23, V.22/Bell 212A, V.21/Bell 103 • Error Correction Data Compression • V.42/V.42bis and MCP Class 2 to 5 • Fax Compatibility • Group 3 send and receive • EIA Class 1 fax commands • V.17 (14,400 bps), V.29 (9600 bps), V.27ter (4800 bps), • V.21 (300bps)

  43. Token Ring Adapter (NIC) Note the connector type.

  44. Ethernet to Token Ring Bridge

  45. Wireless PC Card Adapter

  46. Wireless PC Card Specs D-LinkAir  DWL-650 PC Card Type-II11Mbps Wireless LAN Adapter The D-Link DWL-650 is an IEEE 802.11b compliant PC Card Type-II 11Mbps wireless LAN adapter. The DWL-650 will operate in 2.4 GHz Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) for wireless networks in the home or office environment. It is designed to operate in 3.3V or 5.0V DC slots. In addition, the DWL-650 uses a 64/128-bit WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) Encryption for a secure network connection. The D-Link DWL-650 can operate in either Ad-Hoc mode (Peer-to-Peer networking without access point) or Infrastructure mode (Peer-to-Peer networking using an access point). In Infrastructure mode, the DWL-650 can be connected to a broadband residential gateway or a DSL/Cable modem for high-speed wireless Internet access on the existing network.

  47. Wireless PC Card Specs The DWL-650 can transmit data at 11, 5.5, 2 or 1 Mbps per channel. The DWL-650 transmit rate values can be manually selected for Auto Select 1 or 2 Mbps, Fixed 1 Mbps, Fixed 11 Mbps, Fixed 2 Mbps, Fixed 5.5 Mbps and Fully Auto. The DWL-650 has full mobility and seamless roaming from cell to cell as well as across access points. The range of coverage per cell for indoor use is up to 328 feet and up to 984 feet per cell for outdoor use. The DWL-650 comes with an internal non-detachable diversity patch antenna and one built-in green LED indicator for power, network link and activity. The DWL-650 is compatible with Windows 98, Windows ME, Windows 2000, Windows XP.

  48. Wireless PCI Card

  49. Wireless PCI Card Specs The D-LinkAir DWL-520 is an IEEE 802.11b wireless PCI adapter. The DWL-520 provides an integrated PCI solution that will operate within the 2.4 GHz Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) for wireless networks in the home or office environment. Along with the advanced wireless technology that is incorporated into the DWL-520, wide range motherboard support is assured by compliance to the latest PCI 2.2 standard interface. The DWL-520 is the solution for users and network administrators looking for the convenience offered by a wireless connection.

  50. Wireless PCI Card Specs Cont. The D-Link DWL-520 can operate in either Ad-Hoc mode (Peer-to-Peer networking without an access point) or Infrastructure mode (Peer-to-Peer networking using an access point). In Infrastructure mode, the DWL-520 can be connected to a wireless residential gateway with a broadband connection to enable wireless sharing of the High-speed Internet access. The DWL-520 can transmit data at rates of 11Mpbs, 5.5Mbps, 2Mps and 1 Mbps per channel. With its detachable antenna using a reverse SMA connector, the DWL-520 has an effective range of up to 230 feet for indoor use and up to 984 feet in an outdoor environment. In addition, the DWL-520 supports 64/128-bit WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) Encryption for network security.

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