Week of February 10, 2014

1. Week of February 10, 2014 Chapter 9 Notes, Bell ringer 5, and EOI Practice

2. D.A.S.H. • DATE: February 10, 2014 • AGENDA: 1) Finish the test over the Twenties/Thirties assignment, 2) If you have finished the test then continue working on World War II assignment, 3) When tests are finished then we will work on Chapter 9 notes. • STATE OBJECTIVE:2. Cite specific textual and visual evidence to analyze the effects of the destabilization of the American economy. A. Identify causes contributing to an unstable economy including the overproduction of agriculture products, greater speculation and buying on margin in the Stock Market, and the government’s laissez-faire policy. • HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK: Make sure the Twenties/Thirties assignment has been turned in or graded. Continue working on World War II assignment.

3. D.A.S.H. • DATE: February 14, 2014 • AGENDA: 1) Make sure to finish the Twenties/Thirties test today. There was a page missing and all will need to do this page. 2) The 80-term list/assignment covering our first study of the semester is due today also. 3) If you have not determined the type of presentation for your library project then make that decision today. Any type of presentation is permissible—Power Point, oral report, written report, skit, etc. 4) When 1-3 is accomplished continue the work on Chapters 11 and 12 list/assignment. There is a second page that I will hand out today. • STATE OBJECTIVE: 2. Cite specific textual and visual evidence to analyze the effects of the destabilization of the American economy. A. Identify causes contributing to an unstable economy including the overproduction of agriculture products, greater speculation and buying on margin in the Stock Market, and the government’s laissez-faire policy. • HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK: Research your topic if you have time this weekend. Also continue working on the Chapter 11/12 assignment.

4. D.A.S.H. • DATE: February 17, 2014 • AGENDA: 1) Absolutely the LAST DAY (gave you a library day Friday) for the Twenties/Thirties material—test and assignment. If you have completed the work and DO NOT have 160 points at the top of your paper and have done all 80 terms then turn your assignment back in for full credit. 2) Notes over Chapter 9 Section 1. This will fill in any gaps left out by the research projects. It will also provide extra credit notes. 3) Work on how you are going to present your research project. 4) If all is complete then continue work on Chapters 11 and 12 assignment. • STATE OBJECTIVE: 2. Cite specific textual and visual evidence to analyze the effects of the destabilization of the American economy. A. Identify causes contributing to an unstable economy including the overproduction of agriculture products, greater speculation and buying on margin in the Stock Market, and the government’s laissez-faire policy. • HOMEWORK: Continue with the Chapters 11 and 12 assignment.

5. HAPPY VALENTINES DAY! • Bell ringer 5: • 1. Who was the day named after? What may have happened to him on February 14? • 2. What happened on this day in 1929 that wasn’t a pleasant event? • 3. Which football player was born on Valentine’s Day in 1972? • 4. What famous explorer died on Valentine’s Day? • 5. Chocolates or flowers?

6. Answers: • 1. There were 3 supposedly men who were martyred and thus were given the name St. Valentine. One was executed after performing marriages in secret. The Roman Emperor had banned marriages to make the soldiers stronger! • 2. Seven rivals of Al Capone’s were shot in a Chicago garage on Valentine’s Day. • 3. Drew Bledsoe—played for New England (before Tom Brady) and Dallas (before Tony Romo). • 4. James Cook—he had discovered what is today Hawaii and was staying the winter there. Natives were unhappy with the intrusion and killed him.

7. D.A.S.H. • DATE: February 19, 2014 • AGENDA: 1) Finish notes over Section 1 and begin notes over Section 2, 2) Give me an indication whether or not you will need library time tomorrow, 3) Continue working on Chapters 11/12 assignment. Its due next Friday. • STATE OBJECTIVE: 3C. Cite specific textual and visual evidence to summarize the causes and impact of the Dust Bowl including the government’s responses. • HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK: Continue work on Chapters 11/12 assignment. Decide how much more time you or your group needs in the library.

8. Bell ringer 6 • 1. What does it mean to buy on margin? • 2. What was Black Tuesday? • 3. What were “Hoovervilles?” • 4. Who were the Okies? • 5. What was the Bonus Army?

9. CHAPTER 9 SECTION 1 NOTES • The Presidential election of 1928 had Governor Alfred E. Smith, Democratic candidate and Herbert Hoover, Republican candidate. Religion and prosperity became the campaign issues. Alfred E. Smith was the first Roman Catholic to win a major party’s nomination. Many Protestants claimed the Catholic Church financed Smith’s politics. Hoover was a Quaker and tried to squash the rumors. The Republicans claimed the prosperity of the 1920’s was their doing and this along with the rumors caused Smith to lose to Hoover in a landslide. In Hoover’s Inaugural Address he said “I have no fears for the future of our country. It is bright with hope.” • The stock market was a “bull market” for a long period in the 1920’s. A bull market convinced many to invest in stocks because the prices were so low and gains could be quickly attained. By 1929, approximately 10 percent of American households owned stocks.

10. Notes continued • Stocks were purchased on margin (think buying stocks on an installment plan) and provided many first-time investors opportunities to get rich as the stock’s value rose. If the value fell then all of the payment had to be paid to the stock broker. • The stock market crash began on October 21, 1929 when the overall values of stocks plummeted. Brokers started calling for payments to cover their losses. By October 24, the market hadn’t recovered and more losses happened. October 29 became known as Black Tuesday because values dropped 10 percent and many stocks became worthless. This didn’t begin the Great Depression but weakened the economy greatly. • Banks were affected in two ways—one, they lent billions to stock speculators and two, they had invested depositors’ money in the stock market. Some banks could not absorb the losses (no reserve funds) and had to close. Sometimes word would get out prior to a bank’s closing and depositors would make a bank run—trying to withdraw money out before the bank closed. One in four banks had closed by 1932.

11. Notes concluded • Depressions are a natural part of what is known as the business cycle. It cannot be fantastic all the time and depressions usually help to correct or slow down prosperity so businesses and consumers can recover. • The six causes of the Great Depression were: 1) low interest rates, 2) overproduction, 3) uneven distribution of wealth, 4) high tariffs, 5) falling demand for goods, and 6) stock market speculation.

12. Chapter 9 Section 2 Notes • 1352 banks suspended operations in 1930. 30,000 companies went out of business in 1932 and by 1933, one-fourth of the workforce was unemployed. • “Hoovervilles” was the name given to shantytowns that sprung up throughout America. Many lost their homes and built shacks on unused or public lands. The name Hooverville was a slam on the President who was blamed for so many homeless people during the Great Depression. • Hoboes were mainly young men and boys who wandered from town to town looking for work and food. They would sneak onto railroad cars (“hopping the rails”) or hitchhike to travel.

13. Section 2 Notes Continued • Many immigrants were forced to return to their native countries. Some went on their own but others were forced to leave in repatriation drives sponsored by the government. • Crop prices dropped so many farmers planted wheat. Then a drought occurred throughout the Great Plains which caused the soil to turn to dust. The “Dust Bowl” stretched from the Dakotas to Texas. Dust was everywhere and forced many to stay indoors. Crops were destroyed, livestock was killed, many died from suffocation or lung diseases and many who survived moved off their farms. Because so many migrated from Oklahoma to California, the term “Okies” was used to describe the migrants searching for a better life.

14. Section 2 Notes Continued • Movies and radio programs provided temporary relief from the worries that many faced. In the 1930’s, more than 60 million Americans went to the movies each week. On February 11, 2014 America lost one of its beloved child-actors, Shirley Temple. Her movies made President Roosevelt to claim “as long as the country has Shirley Temple, we will be all right.”

15. Section 2 Notes Continued • Walt Disney produced the first feature-length animated film, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, in 1937. • Mr. Smith Goes to Washington had James Stewart playing a senator who refuses to compromise his principles and exposed the corruption of some of his colleagues. • In 1939 two movies provided a lift to viewers’ spirits—The Wizard of Oz and Gone With the Wind. Gone With the Wind won 9 Academy Awards and had the first African American to win an Oscar, Hattie McDaniel won Best Supporting Actress award.

16. Section 2 Notes Concluded • Radio also entertained as well as informed millions of Americans. Comedians like Jack Benny and radio dramas like The Green Hornet were popular. Soap operas and music programs also gave Americans something to look forward to. • William Faulkner used a stream of consciousness technique in his novel The Sound and the Fury. This technique showed what characters were thinking and feeling before speaking. • Time and Life magazines chronicled the struggles of Americans during the Great Depression. Photojournalists Margaret Bourke White and Dorothea Lange provided striking images to show the impact of the Great Depression on average Americans. • Thomas Hart Benton and Grant Wood painted images that reflected traditional American values.

17. Migrant Mother by Dorothea Lange

18. D.A.S.H. • DATE: February 26, 2014 • AGENDA: 1) Finish watching episode one of the Dust Bowl. 2) Fourth Hour—if any are going to the game tomorrow then you can present today or Friday. 3) Fifth Hour—you can present today or Friday. 4) Time permitting work will continue on Chapters 11/12 and there are notes for Section 3 of Chapter 9 available for extra credit. • STATE OBJECTIVE: 3C. Cite specific textual and visual evidence to summarize the causes and impact of the Dust Bowl including the government’s responses. • CLASSWORK/HOMEWORK: Chapters 11/12 assignment is due this Friday. If your presentation has been given or is ready to be given then work on the definitions for Chapters 11/12 list.

19. CHAPTER 9 SECTION 3 NOTES • President Hoover felt that American “rugged individualism” would keep the economy moving and that the government should not step in to help individuals. Critics felt this attitude added to the length of the depression. • Hoover did increase funding for public works—government-financed building projects. This did put some back to work but not enough to lower unemployment significantly. • The Reconstruction Finance Corporation was set up in 1932 to make loans to businesses. By early 1932, the RFC had lent about $238 million to banks, railroads, and building and loan associations. The economy continued its decline.

20. Section 3 Notes Continued • The Emergency Relief and Construction Act was passed in July of 1932. The new act called for $1.5 billion for public works and $300 million in emergency loans to the states for direct relief. For the first time in American history, the federal government was supplying direct relief funds. The new program could not reverse the damage that had been done. • On December 5, 1932, in Washington D.C., a group of about 1200 hunger marchers chanted “Feed the hungry, tax the rich.” Police herded them into a cul-de-sac and denied them food and water. Members of Congress insisted that they had the right to petition their government and the marchers made their way to Capitol Hill.

21. Section 3 Notes Concluded • During World War I, many farmers had heavily mortgaged their land to pay for seed, equipment, and feed. Prices sank so low that farmers began losing their money. Creditors foreclosed on nearly one million farms between 1930 and 1934. In Nebraska, farmers burned corn to heat their homes. Georgia dairy farmers blocked highways and stopped milk trucks, dumping milk into ditches. • The Bonus Marchers were World War I veterans who marched from Oregon and other places to collect a bonus of 1000 dollars. 1000 marchers set up Hoovervilles and soon the numbers swelled to 15000. President Hoover refused to see them and the Senate voted down the early release of the bonus. Late July found President Hoover ordering the buildings to be torn down. General Douglas MacArthur not only tore the buildings down but used cavalry, infantry, tanks and teargas to clear out the marchers. Hoover’s reputation bottomed prior to the 1932 campaign.