8.4: Learning and Culture Flourish in Europe

1. 8.4: Learning and Culture Flourish in Europe A Mr. Ayala Presentation

2. 8.4: Learning and Culture Flourish in Europe • I) Medieval Universities emerge • A) Political and economic conditions improve, more education is needed • 1)Clergy and bureaucrats needed more training in reading and mathematics • 2) Cathedrals were used as schools. • a) some would become Universities later • B) Student life • 1) Very little comfort; woke at 5am finished school at 5 pm • 2) Learned in Latin • 3) Women were not allowed in Universities. Very few educated women.

3. 8.4: Learning and Culture Flourish in Europe • II) Europeans acquire “New Knowledge” • A) “New” ideas originated with ancient Greece and Rome • B) Muslim scholarship brings these works to the Europeans • C) Christian Scholars struggle with new ideas because the Greeks believed that people should use reason; not faith to find the answers to questions • 1) Tried to resolve this conflict through scholasticism; using reason to support faith • 2) Thomas Aquinas, writes Summa theologica which concluded that faith and reason exist in harmony

4. 8.4: Learning and Culture Flourish in Europe • D) New approaches to Science and Math • 1) Hippocrates and medicine • 2)Euclid and Muslim scholars worked on Geometry • 3) very little Science completed in Europe • 4) Hindu- Arabic numerals are adopted in Europe Hindu- Arabic Numerals: 1, 2, 3, 4

5. 8.4: Learning and Culture Flourish in Europe • III) Medieval Literature • A) New books were written in the vernacular, or common language of the people • B) Oral traditions and Heroic epics are written down for the masses • 1) Song of Roland, 1100 • C) Dante’s Divine Comedy by Dante’ Alighieri • 1) Shows an imaginary journey through Purgatory and Hell • 2) Summarizes Christian Ethics

6. 8.4: Learning and Culture Flourish in Europe • D) Geoffrey Chaucer, writes the Canterbury Tale • 1) describes a band of pilgrims going to Canterbury Cathedral • 2) Used as entertainment • 3) Is funny, romantic, and bawdy

7. 8.4: Learning and Culture Flourish in Europe

8. 8.4: Learning and Culture Flourish in Europe • IV) Architecture and Art • A) 1000; Churches were in Romanesque style • 1) Barrel vaulted ceiling, made of stone, no windows; was dark and gloomy

9. 8.4: Learning and Culture Flourish in Europe • B) 1140; Abbot Suger helped to develop the Gothic Style • 1) Most important features; Flying buttress, or stone supports outside of the building • a) allowed walls to be thinner and could have huge stained glass windows

10. 8.4: Learning and Culture Flourish in Europe • G) Stonemasons begin to make sculptures of Bible stories and mythical creatures • D) Stained glass was used to add splendor to cathedrals • E) Cathedrals had religious painting call altar pieces • 1) Used to symbolize religious ideas

11. 8.4: Learning and Culture Flourish in Europe • F) Gothic style, added to books were called illumination • 1) Very, intricate and delicate designs and miniature paintings of biblical scenes • G) Tapestries or woven wall hangings became in wealthy castles, churches, and homes