Take out a piece of paper for 3.2 notes.

1. Take out a piece of paper for 3.2 notes. 4.2 The Greeks City StatesBig Idea: Differences between Athenian and Spartan values led to different governments.

2. Polis: The Center of Greek Life • City state or polis-city with own economy and government-controlled surrounding countryside. • Became the central focus of Greek life. • Organization of City States • Built around a hill-at top of hill was a fortified area called “Acropolis”. • Below was an Agora, an open area below that served as a public meeting place and market.

3. Athens Greece Polis

4. Polis Community • People in a polis shared a commonidentity and common goals. • Consists of citizens……… • With political rights (adult males), • With no political rights (women and children), • not citizens (laborers, slaves, resident aliens). • New military system developed. Based on Hoplites, who were heavily armed foot soldiers. Fought in a Phalanx.

5. Greek Expansion- Greek Colonies • Colonies along Mediterranean-also Black Sea like Byzantium (By-zan-tium) later called Constantinople and nowIstanbul. • Greeks spread their culture and political ideas. Led to increased trade and industry. Created a new group of wealthy individuals.

6. Tyranny in the city states • a. New group of rich men fostered the rise of tyrants. Were rulers who seized power by force from the aristocrats. Gained and kept power by using hired soldiers. • b. Try to help poor and launched public work projects. • c. Led to end of rule by aristocrats and in some led to the development of democracy. (Government by the people or rule by many) • d. Some kept oligarchy(ruled by the few).

7. Two rival city states Sparta Athens • Conquered lands, capturedpeople known as Helots. • Create a military state. Lives were rigidly organized and tightly controlled. Men in military most of life. • Women lived at home so had a greater freedom. • Government was an oligarchy-2 Kings, led the army; Ephors(5men)elected every year and control education. Isolated city state, war was ideal. • King ruled early 7th century • oligarchy-controlled by aristocrats. • Had economic problems so turn to Solon- reform minded aristocrat who cancelled debts. • Followed by Peisistratus who helped poor-gave land. • Cleisthenes creates Council of 500 to handle laws and foreign affairs. Laid foundation for democracy.

8. 4-2 Review • Heavily armed foot soldiers • Hoplites • A Spartan warrior was told to return from war… • Carrying his shield or being carried on it. • The word Spartan has come to mean • Highly self-disciplined • Fortified area on a hilltop • Acropolis • Elected members of Sparta’s oligarchy • Ephors • Aristocrats in Athens did all of the following EXCEPT? • Reject Solon. • The reforms of Cleisthenes? • Laid the foundations of democracy.

9. 4-2 Review • Greek tyrants were • Rulers who seized power by force • City, town, or village and surroundings • Polis