What Team has lost the most Superbowls ?

1. What Team has lost the most Superbowls?

2. Omaha! Oma.....oh-MAMA • Having the most Super Bowl losses is bad enough, but it gets worse: thanks to the 43-8 final score, the Broncos have now been on the losing end of three of the five biggest blowouts in Super Bowl history. • Here are the five biggest blowouts in Super Bowl history: • 1. Super Bowl XXIV: San Francisco 55-10 over Denver • 2. Super Bowl XX: Chicago 46-10 over New England • T-3. Super Bowl XLIV: Seattle 43-8 over Denver • T-3. Super Bowl XXVII: Dallas 52-17 over Buffalo • 5. Super Bowl XXII: Washington 42-10 over Denver

3. What was the outcome of the Superbowl?

4. Puppy BowlSuper-bowl-bust-sends-13-5-million-in-search-of-puppy-bowl-franchise

5. Alpine Snow Sports • very popular winter pastimes - it is estimated that there are currently more than 200 million skiers and 70 million snowboarders in the world today. • In the winter season 2010/11, American resorts alone recorded a mammoth 60.1 million visits, just short of their record of 60.5m set in 2007/08. • The average number of visits per year is 57.5 million. • $5.8bn was spent at US resorts in 2010/11 (source NSAA).

6. More than half of top 50 Alpine skiers missed time with major injuries

7. unforgiving sport

8. An Associated Press review of the careers of the top 50 in the overall World Cup standings on Jan. 12 — the 25 men and 25 women most likely to earn an Alpine medal in Russia, where the first race is scheduled for Feb. 9 — shows that more than half have missed significant time because of a skiing-related injury. • “She understands that, at some point in time, you’re going to have a serious injury,” said Vonn’s father, “It just happened to be before an Olympic year.”

9. Of the 27 athletes the AP found to have experienced major health issues due to ski accidents, 18 damaged knees, usually tearing a ligament, as happened to Vonn.

10. Elite Ski Racers • There’s a sense of inevitability about it among the elite-level ski racers and coaches, as if it’s a cost of doing business, essentially. • If a big injury hasn’t happened yet, the thinking goes, it will. • Each time there’s an injury in a race or training, there are two parts of the comeback: the physical and the mental. • “We see a lot of shooting stars come in young, and I’m always the one to say: ‘Let’s wait until after the injury.’ • “There have been a few people that disappear after injury; they can never come back. And this is not good, but it’s part of the game. The champions, the real champions, they all come back stronger.”

11. Ski Racers • If you throw your body down the slippery side of a mountain at a velocity barred for vehicles on most roads in the United States, you’re bound to fall at some point. • And if you fall, you’re bound to twist a leg or land on an arm or do damage in some way.

12. Ski Racers • A concussion, say. Or a bruised back. Or a scraped-up face. Or — more often than not, it seems — a torn-up knee. • “There are a lot of athletes who have gone through ACL reconstruction. • A lot of guys who have broken pelvises and legs. • That’s part of the sport,” said U.S. racer Ted Ligety, a gold medallist at the 2006 Turin Olympics and three-time winner at last year’s world championships. “ • I’d say 90 per cent of ski racers come back from ACL injuries just as good, if not stronger than before.”

13. Champions • Bode Miller, a five-time Olympic medallist , was away from competition for 20 months, including last year’s world championships, as he worked his way back from micro-fracture surgery on his left knee, which originally was injured all the way back in 2001. • Joining Vonn on the sideline for Sochi are a pair of reigning world champions from France, Tessa Worley and Marion Rolland. Both injured knees.

14. Mental Rehab • Another racer falling that day was Dominique Gisin of Switzerland, who has needed nine — nine! — operations on her knees through the years, seven on the right one. • “I’ve had ACLs. I had a broken patella several times. I had ripped-out muscles. I think I did everything you can do to a knee, probably,” said Gisin, 13th in the World Cup standings on Jan. 12. • Gisin explained that she thought about quitting “every time” she had surgery. • “I love the sport, and I always try to fight back,” Gisin said. “But it’s not so easy, especially in the head. • The mental part is probably harder.”

15. Downhill Skiing • Downhill skiing continues to increase in popularity. • The skiing industry has made the sport accessible to more people. • Faster ski lifts and expansion of trails at ski areas, as well as improved snow making capabilities, have increased the numbers of skiers on the slopes.

16. Equipment • Dramatic changes have occurred in the equipment as well. • Ski boots have evolved from soft leather cut boots to mid-calf plastic boots that rigidly support from the lower leg and ankle. • Advancements in binding design continue to reduce the number of lower extremity injuries. • The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) endorses the use of these more sophisticated multi-directional release bindings.

17. Falls • Falls are an obvious cause of injuries, accounting for approximately 75 to 85 percent of skiing injuries. • Collisions with objects including other skiers, account for between 11 and 20 percent, while incidents involving ski lifts contribute between 2 and 9 percent. • Studies demonstrate that the majority of injuries are sprains, followed by fractures, lacerations and dislocations.

18. MCL Injury • Several studies have demonstrated that the most common injury to the knee is damage to the medial collateral ligament (MCL). • This injury occurs with slow twisting falls or when beginners maintain a snowplow position for lengthy periods and stress the ligament. • Virtually all degrees of MCL sprains can be managed conservatively with bracing and limited range of motion.

19. ACL Injuries • Another common knee injury is rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). • Many factors can attribute to this injury, such as a backward fall as the lower leg moves forward. • A similar shearing force can occur when the lower leg is suddenly twisted away from the upper leg as in “catching an edge.” • These injuries often require surgical repair and extensive rehabilitation.

20. Fractures • Fractures of both the femur and tibia occur more commonly with violent twisting falls or collisions. • It is common to see fractures in older skiers who have more brittle bones. • High speed collisions with a stationary object can cause significant major trauma of vital organs and clearly require emergency care and evaluation.

21. Upper extremity • Injuries to upper extremities account for approximately 30 to 40 percent of all injuries. • The most vulnerable joint of the upper body is the thumb. Injury to the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb is second in frequency only to MCL injuries of the knee. • These injuries occur when a skier falls on an outstretched arm that is still gripping the pole. • The thumb is suddenly pulled outward, injuring this joint. ACSM supports the use of poles with straps rather than the fitted grip as these are associated with fewer injuries.

22. Skiers Thumb • The chance of getting a “skier’s thumb” injury may be decreased by releasing your ski poles when you fall. • Using ski poles without platforms or saber handles also decreases your chance of injury. • The main goal is that you want your ski poles to release when you fall. • If the ski pole stays in your hand during your fall, the pole can act as a long lever arm placing a large stress load to your thumb joint and its ligaments.

23. Snowboarding Injury • In the last decade the popularity of snowboarding has increased dramatically. • Unlike skiing, in which both the upper and lower extremities may be injured, snowboarding tends to lead to injuries of the upper extremity, especially the wrist.

24. Snowboard • Snowboard falls occur without warning and can lead to a sudden forward or backward fall. • As a natural protective reaction the hands are placed out to stop the fall, leading to a wrist injury

25. Snowboard • using wrist guards or gloves that have guards built into them. • Helmets have also been shown to decrease the potential for head injury and they should be worn while participating in skiing or snowboarding.

26. WHAT CAUSES SKIING AND SNOWBOARDING INJURIES? • Most snowsport injuries are traumatic, caused by being on dangerous terrain, lift accidents, falls, and collisions. • In many instances, fatigue after a long day on the slopes or poor judgment can be blamed for injuries. The most common issues that predispose people to injury are: ◦Time skiing/snowboarding without rest ◦Skiing/snowboarding above ability level ◦Improper/faulty equipment ◦Inadequate adjustment to altitude ◦Dehydration/fatigue ◦Skiing/snowboarding off trail or in closed areas ◦Failure to observe posted warning signs by the mountain responsibility conduct code

27. WHAT ARE SOME OF THE MOST COMMON SKIING/SNOWBOARDING INJURIES? • The wide range of skiing and snowboarding injuries involves many areas of the body, including: • ◦Anterior cruciate or collateral (ACL) ligament injuries • ◦Shoulder dislocations or fractures • ◦Shoulder separations • ◦Lower extremity fractures • ◦Spinal injuries • ◦Closed head injuries • ◦Wrist, hand, or thumb injuries

28. Proper Instruction and Equipment • Instruction prior to getting on the slopes is important in preventing injuries. • Instructors can educate beginners on the importance of a good warm-up and cool-down, properly fitted equipment, and safe skiing techniques. • These same principles hold true for snowboarders. They can also determine at what point it is appropriate for beginners to progress to more advanced levels of terrain.

29. Equipment • Appropriate equipment is critical to being safe. Poorly functioning or improperly adjusted equipment is a frequent cause of injuries. • Bindings that are too loose or too tight, as well as equipment that is improperly sized or used on improper terrain, can cause injury. • Preventative equipment such as helmets can prevent disastrous and even fatal accidents, even though resorts do not universally require them. • Only about 48% of U.S. skiers and snowboarders routinely wear helmets. • In terrain parks, wrist guards and elbow and kneepads are also recommended. • The use of protective equipment has been associated with a 43% decrease in the rate of head, neck, and face injuries.

30. Common Sense Precautions • Most injuries occur after lunch and when fatigued. • stay adequately hydrated throughout the day and stop to rest every couple of hours. • changing snow and ice conditions can dramatically increase the complexity of terrain quickly.

31. National Ski Areas Association Responsibility Code for Reducing Risk ◦Always stay in control ◦People ahead of you have the right-of-way ◦Stop in a safe place for you and others ◦Whenever starting downhill or merging, look uphill and yield ◦Use devices to help prevent runaway equipment ◦Observe signs and warnings, and keep off closed trails ◦Know how to use the lifts safely

32. Risk of Injury for General Public? • snow sports are associated with a risk of injury. • But that risk is much lower than most people believe – • less than 0.5%

33. IPTSD – Injury Rate • has been traditionally used to denote an overall injury rate. It is derived by dividing the number of injuries seen by the total number of skier/boarder days and then multiplying by 1000. • Alpine skiing carries an injury risk of about 2 injuries per 1000 skier days. In other words, for every 1000 people skiing on any particular day, 2 will sustain an injury that requires medical attention. • It follows therefore that the lower the IPTSD figure, the less likely injuries are to occur. • Moreover, in many countries, the risk of injuries from alpine sports has been declining slightly in recent years which is of course good news.

34. Injury rate • The Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) administers New Zealand’s accident compensation scheme, damages. • Nearly 19,000 incidents were included in the study. The authors found that four activities (horse riding, mountain biking, tramping/hiking, and surfing) were responsible for approximately 60% of all adventure tourism and adventure sports-related injuries. • Skiing and snowboarding were responsible for only 0.7% and 1% of claims respectively.

36. MDBIMean days between injury • (MDBI) is more usually used to define the frequency of injuries. It gives a statistical value for how many days you would have to ski or snowboard in order to sustain an injury. • It is derived by dividing the total number of skier/boarder days by the frequency of the particular injury. • For example, the MDBI for an anterior cruciate injury whilst alpine skiing is about 2100 days. This means on average, you would have to ski for approx 2100 days before you sustained an ACL injury. • This time, the higher the MDBI the less likely an injury is to occur. • A large scale American case control study published in the American Journal of Sports Medicine in 2012 (Kim et al, AJSM 2012; 40: 770) showed that the average MDBI for snowboarding was 345 days and for skiing 400 days.

37. Fatalities • deaths due to participating in a snow sport very rare • The most complete data series on fatalities comes from the USA. • From the 1991/92 to the 2003/04 season inclusive, a total of 469 traumatic deaths have been recorded within the boundaries of ski resorts in the US. Deaths from any other cause (including heart attacks) are not included in these figures. • 58 of these deaths were snowboarders and 401 were skiers. • A total of 650.7 million skier days took place during these 13 seasons giving a death rate of 0.71 deaths per million skier days (or one death every 1.4 million skier days - really exceptionally low).

38. Fatalities • Collisions of all sorts account for 90% of all fatalities - trees are the most commonly struck object accounting for some 60% of all fatalities. • Collisions with other persons account for about 10% of all fatalities.

39. "Non-Avalanche Related Snow Immersion Death" (NARSID) • called "tree-well deaths", these result from a fall into the (often deep) pitted area under a snow-laden tree - as the victim tries to extricate themselves, they cause more snow to cave in on top of them and die from either asphyxiation or hypothermia. • An additional factor is that its often hard to make others aware of what has happened to you - unless someone else witnesses you falling in you simply vanish from sight. • Whistler Mountain B.C., reported that NARSIDs accounted for 25% of all deaths (8/32) in B.C.

40. Serious injuries from snow sports • only a minority of injuries seen across all snow sports are classed as serious or potentially life-threatening. • Defining such injuries as those with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) >= 12 shows that only about 1% of all snow sports injuries meet this criteria. • In a comprehensive 10 year study from Canada looking at all such injuries, an incidence of 0.06 severe injuries per 1000 skier days was derived • The mean ISS was 20.8. The commonest mechanisms of severe injury were falls and collisions with (static) natural objects - like trees. • The head (52% of all injuries), chest (42.9%) and spinal column (34.2%) were the commonest sites of injury. • 40% of all casualties required a surgical operation. 2.6% of casualties died.

41. Snowboarding Current injury rate in Scotland - 5.31 injuries per 1000 boarder days (188 MDBI) • Boarding was the fastest growing snow-sport during the 1990's but its popularity has levelled out in the last three seasons at about 25% of all slope users. • The resurgence in skiing's popularity (mainly due to freestlye skis) plus the attraction of skiboarding (snowblading) has had an undoubted effect on the plateau in snowboarding popularity. • The current injury rate for snowboarding in Scotland is 5.31 injuries per 1000 snowboarder days - about twice that seen in alpine skiing. • Snowboarding has a different injury profile to skiing. • Upper limb injuries predominate, usually as a result of falls onto an outstretched hand. The incidence of wrist fractures is particularly high, especially amongst beginners and childrensnowboarders evidence to indicate the best type of guard to wear to protect against wrist injury - click here for more information on wrist guards. • Although still relatively rare, the incidence of serious spinal injuries appears to be on the increase - go for big air. An injury all snowboarders should be aware of is

42. snowboarder's ankle • "snowboarder's ankle" - a fracture of the lateral process of the talus bone in the ankle. • This important injury can be easily overlooked and lead to long term problems.

46. Curling Injuries • Methods: Participants at two curling championship events were asked to complete injury history questionnaires. • Results: 76 curlers (39%) participated; 79% of these reported curling related musculoskeletal pain, most commonly involving the knee (54%), back (33%), and shoulder (20%). Sweeping and delivering the stone were most likely to provoke symptoms. Time loss injuries were estimated to occur at a rate of 2 per 1000 athlete exposures. • Conclusions: Curling appears to be a relatively safe winter sport.

47. Curling injuries • Torn rotator cuff • Shoulder strain - fall • ‘‘Snapped’’ forearm tendon Sweeping Back pain • Herniated lumbar disk Sweeping • Hip contusion - Fall • Torn meniscus - Fall • Knee strain - Delivery • Ankle strain - Delivery