MATTER HAS OBSERVABLE PROPERTIES

1. MATTER HAS OBSERVABLE PROPERTIES

2. What are atoms? What are molecules? • An atom is the smallest basic unit of matter. The word “atom” comes from the greek word atomos meaning “indivisible” or can’t be divivded. • When two or more atoms bond together, or come together in a group they make a molecule!!!

3. How are atoms like building blocks? • Like building blocks, atoms are the small parts that make up a larger part called a molecule.

4. STRUCTURES OF MOLECULES • LET’S LOOK AT A WATER MOLECULE • When two kinds of atoms, hydrogen and oxygen make a family its called water. H H O

5. STRUCTURES OF MOLECULES • Suppose you split a water molecule so it isn’t a family anymore then you would get hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms that stand alone. O H H Alone these atoms are gases, together they are a liquid

6. WHAT IS AN ELEMENT? An element is a substance formed of only one kind of atom. (A PURE SUBSTANCETHAT CAN’T BE BROKEN DOWN INTO ANOTHER SUBSTANCE CHEMICALLY OR PHYSICALLY) The number of atoms is not important, only the kind. An element can’t be separated The structure of the atoms may differ but the Kind of atoms are the same.

7. substance • Is a single kind of matter that is pure • Has a specific makeup/composition/set of properties

8. Why is an element considered to be a pure substance A substance is considered pure if it contains only a single type of atom, such as gold, or a single combination of atoms that are bonded together, such as a water molecule. PURENOT PURE

9. EXAMPLES OF SUBSTANCES • PURE SUBSTANCES • TABLE SALT • TABLE SUGAR • BAKING SODA • CAN YOU THINK OF SOME OTHERS? • SINGLE KIND OF MATTER • NOT SUBSTANCES • FLOUR • BAKING POWDER • MILK • EGGS • FRUIT • BLUEBERRY BATTER • SEVERAL KINDS OF MATTER

10. WHAT ARE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES? • CHARACTERISTICS OF A PURE SUBSTANCE THAT CAN BE OBSERVED/SEEN WITHOUT CHANGING THE IDENTITY. • ALL YOUR SENSES CAN BE USED TO DETECT A PHYSICAL PROPERTY.

11. Examples of physical properties of matter • COLOR and TEXTURE: a bumpy bright chameleon • Density and melting point: water freezes to ice but it is still water • SHAPE: clay can be molded but it is still clay • FLEXIBILITY: metal can become a flexible shiny toy when shaped into a flat wire and coiled

12. EXAMPLES OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES • A RUBBERBAND-it can be stretched to look different but it is still a rubberband. • REMEMBER MASS AND VOLUME ARE TWO PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, MEASURING DOES NOT CHANGE THE IDENTITY OF THE SUBSTANCE. CLAY:

13. WHAT IS A PHYSICAL CHANGE?PHYSICAL CHANGES CAN BE REVERSEDpaper demo • A PHYSICAL CHANGE IS ANY CHANGE THAT ALTERS THE FORM OR APPEARANCE OF MATTER BUT NOT IN THE SUBSTANCE/MATTER ITSELF. • Rubberbands stretch but do not change into a different substance • Sand artist make art with sand but its still sand • Clay: can be cut or shaped to look different but its still clay and the density will still be the same • Aluminum cans change their shape when crushed but not the metal

14. IS WATER A PHYSICAL CHANGE WHEN IT CHANGES INTO ICE OR A VAPOR WHEN BOILED? Water/liquid Ice/solid WATER IS STILL WATER NO MATTER ITS STATE Boilingwater/gas

15. TABLE SUGAR DISSOLVED,IS IT A PHYSICAL CHANGE? YES! • WHEN TABLE SUGAR DISSOLVES IN A GLASS OF WATER,THE SOLUTION TASTES SWEET AND IF THE WATER DRIES UP THE SUGAR REMAINS PHYSICAL CHANGES OF STATE • FREEZING (LOSES HEAT), MELTING(GAINING HEAT) DISSOLVING (MIXED WITH A SOLVENT), EVAPORATING(LIQUID TO A GAS BY GAINING HEAT), CONDENSING(GAS TO A LIQUID BY OSING HEAT)

16. WHAT IS A CHEMICAL PROPERTY?

17. WHAT IS A CHEMICAL PROPERTY? • A CHEMICAL PROPERTY OF METHANE GAS IS THAT IT CAN CATCH FIRE AND BURN IN THE AIR! • WHEN IT BURNS IT COMBINES WITH OXYGEN IN THE AIR AND WATER AND CARBON DIOXIDE A NEW SUBSTANCE

18. WHAT IS A CHEMICAL PROPERTY? • Chemical properties describe how matter/substances can form new substances. • CAMPFIRE WOOD TO ASH • OXYGEN REACTS WITH AIR • NEW SUBSTANCE+CARBON DIOXIDE, ASH AND WATER • IRON NAIL TO RUSTY NAIL-REACTS WITH OXYGEN AND NEW SUBSTANCE IS RUST(IRONOXIDE)

19. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES • SILVER RING/TARNISH • COPPER • CANDLE (COMBUSTION) • FLAMIBILITY • ANTACID TABLET • EGGS

20. WHAT IS A CHEMICAL CHANGE?CHEMICAL CHANGES CANNOT BE REVERSED • Combination of atoms in the original substance rearrange to a new structure OLD SUBSTANCE NEW SUBSTANCE • CAMPFIRE WOOD (COMBUSTION) ASH • IRON NAIL (OXIDATION) RUSTY NAIL • SILVER RING (reacts with sulfur in the air) TARNISH • COPPER OXIDATION/BLUE • CANDLE ODOR/COLOR/TEMPERATURE • ANTACID TABLET BUBBLES • EGGS FORMATION OF A SOLID • CAKE MIXTURE A CAKE • SAND, WATER, AND CEMENT CONCRETE

21. SIGNS OF A CHEMICAL CHANGE • PRODUCTION OF AN ODOR • CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE • CHANGE IN COLOR • FORMATION OF BUBBLES • FORMATION OF A SOLID

22. CONSERVATION OF MASS • ATOMS ARE NOT LOST OR GAINED!!!!!!!! • ONLY REAARRANGED!!!!

23. WHAT IS A COMPOUND? Sodium +chlorine=salt Hydrogen+oxygen=water What is another example of a compound? A compound is a substance that consists of two or more kinds of atoms bonded together. Example:

24. EXAMPLE OF A COMPOUNDS A SNAILS SHELL IS MADE MOSTLY OF CALCIUM CARBONATE A COMPOUND MADE FROM CALCIUM CARBON OXYGEN DRY ICE (FROZEN CARBON DIOXIDE WHICH IS MADE OF ONE CARBON AND TWO OXYGEN ATOMS)

25. WHAT IS A MIXTURE? This kind of mixture is called a heterogenous mixture. The prefix hetero means: different. A MIXTURE IS A COMBINATION OF SUBSTANCES, BUT THE SUBSTANCE CAN BE PHYSICALLY SEPARATED.

26. A HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE IT IS EVENLY MIXED AND YOU CAN’T SEE THE DIFFERENT PARTS A SWIMMER BLOWS BUBBLES OF AIR WHICH IS A MIXTURE OF GASES

27. THREE FEATURES OF A MIXTURE 1. The substance in a mixture keep their individual properties. Example: sugar water (you can’t see the mixture but they keep their properties, sugar is sugar and the water is still water)

28. THREE FEATURES OF MIXTURES 2. You can put different amounts of the substances into a mixture and still have the mixture be recognizable. 3. The substances in a mixture can be separated from each other physically.