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Spanish Conquistadors and Colonies

Spanish Conquistadors and Colonies. Spanish empire by the 1600’s consisted of the part of North America Central America Caribbean Islands Much of South America. Treasures from the Americas!. Cycle of Conquest & Colonization. Explorers. Conquistadores. Missionaries.

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Spanish Conquistadors and Colonies

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  1. Spanish Conquistadors and Colonies • Spanish empire by the 1600’s consisted of the • part of North America • Central America • Caribbean Islands • Much of South America.

  2. Treasuresfrom the Americas!

  3. Cycle of Conquest & Colonization Explorers Conquistadores Missionaries EuropeanColonialEmpire Permanent Settlers

  4. First Spanish Conquests: The AztecsCortes conquered Aztec Empire in 1519 and took control of modern day Mexico. vs. Hernando Cortés Montezuma II

  5. Cortes conquers Aztec Empire in 1519 • Cortes found natives who were hostile to the Aztecs- they join forces • Residents of Tenochtitlan believed him to be the white-skinned god Quetzalcoatlin • Aztec emperor Moctezuma welcomed him warmly and showered him with gifts

  6. Good relationship with Moctezuma did not last long Cortes captured and jailed the Aztec emperor Spanish troops massacred Aztecs during a religious ceremony The Aztecs revolted Things change with Moctezuma

  7. Defeat • Cortes and his troops were pushed back for a period of time • They returned to Tenochtitlan in 1521 • Spanish troops set up a blockade to deny food and water to the Aztecs • Smallpox had also weakened the Aztecs • Cortes defeated the natives and destroyed the city

  8. First Spanish Conquests: The IncasPizarro conquered Incan Empire in modern day Peru in 1532 vs. Francisco Pizarro Atahualpa

  9. FRANCISCO PIZARRO CONQUERS THE INCA (1532) • Gained Native American allies • Captured Altahualpa (Inca Emperor) after slaughtering thousands of his followers • Spanish demanded a huge ransom for the ruler • Incas paid it in gold, but Altahualpa was killed anyway • Despite resistance, Spanish gained control of much of South America including Peru, Ecuador & Chile

  10. This poem was written by an unknown Aztec in 1523 “And all this happened to us We saw it all, We were amazed With this sad and tragic fortune,. We see ourselves anguished, Broken spears lie in the road; We have torn out our hair in grief. The houses are roofless flow, and their walls are red with blood”

  11. The Conquistadors • Advantages for the Aztecs/Incas • Familiarity with geography. • Greater food supply. • Larger number of soldiers. • Rely on citizens  produce food, train soldiers, make weapons. • Advantages for Spain • Superior technology & equipment • Horses, guns & armor. • Alliances with conquered peoples • Had a common enemy. • Helped fight with the Spanish. • Disease  smallpox brought to South America. • Hernando Cortes • Conquered the Aztecs – 1519 • Moctezuma Aztec leader who was killed. • Motives  religion & wealth • Francisco Pizarro • Conquered the Incas – 1532 • Captured Incan Emperor Athualpa. • Incas collapsed with no strong leader. • Spain takes Inca gold.

  12. What was the Columbian Exchange? Explorers created contact between Europe and the Americas. Interaction with Natives created led to big cultural changes Exchange of physical elements: Plants Animals Disease

  13. Columbian Exchangeor the transfer of goods involved 3 continents, Americas, Europe and Africa * Squash * Avocado * Peppers * Sweet Potatoes * Turkey* Cashew * Pumpkin * Tobacco * Quinine * Guinea Pig* Cocoa * Pineapple * Beans * POTATO * Lamas* Peanut * Tomato * Vanilla * MAIZE * Syphilis * Olives * Coffee Beans * Banana * Rice* Onion * Turnip * Honeybee * Barley* Grape s * Peach * Sugar Cane * Oats* Citrus Fruits * Pear * Wheat * HORSE* Cattle * Sheep * Pig * Smallpox* Flu * Typhus * Measles * Malaria* Diptheria * Whooping Cough

  14. Conquistador Recap Who were the conquistadors? What did they do? When did they live? Where did they conquer? Why did they conquer?

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