Ms. C’s Rapid Fire Review!!

1. Ms. C’s Rapid Fire Review!! Instructions: • As you listen to the review, jot down anything that confuses you or helps you remember a term or concept. • Make a mark by terms you know you need to study or memorize better!

2. III. Endocrine System • What? Network of glands located in brain and body • Function? Sends hormone chemical messages through blood stream to body’s organs to control: • metabolism • growth • sexual development • flight or fight response • In females: ovulation, menstruation, and lactation • In males: sperm production, deepening of voice, growth of sex organs

3. III. Endocrine System (cont) • Thyroid gland produces hormone that regulates metabolism (how quickly/slowly one digests food) • Not enough hormone (hypothyroidism)= sluggish, no appetite • Too much hormone (hyperthyroidism)=eat a lot, hyperactive • Adrenal glands release cortisol & epinephrine (adrenalin)when person frightened or angry • Hypothalamus(part of limbic system) coordinates communication between endocrine and nervous systems • Pineal gland “3rd eye” releases melatoninwhich regulates sleep cycle (circadian rhythms) • Pituitary gland—”master gland” Maker of growth hormone, second in command to hypothalamus directs other glands to produce/release hormones • Parathryroid—produce calcium for bone growth pancreas secretes insulin for maintaining proper blood sugar levels

5. yo gaba gaba slows you down! glutamate excites! serotonin calms dopamine Dopey, happy, makes you want to keep doing whatever you’re doing ACh achoo!! muscle contractions enrophins end your pain! attach to opiate receptors oxytocin the bonding and trust chemical

7. brian waves functional imaging structural imaging radioactive glucose functional image xray structures not enuf ACh becuz neurons killed! not enuf serotonin left frontal lobe can’t talk fluidly left temporal lobe word salad temporal lobe damage not enuf dopamine too much dopamine not enuf oxytocin head injury parietal lobe damage

8. secretes insulin to maintain blood-sugar levels

9. Label the following AND identify their functions: • axon • axon terminals • cell body (AKA soma) • dendrites • myelin sheath • Node of Ranvier • Schwann’s cells

10. Label the following: • axon • dendrite • neurotransmitters • presynaptic membrane • postsynaptic membrane • receptor • terminal button • synapse (AKA cleft/gap) • synaptic vesicles Describe the process that is shown in the diagram:

11. Describe what is happening at & between different points on the graph to the left. • What is happening in the neuron at points 1, 2, 3, & 4 of the line graph? • neuron has been stimulated to the threshold by enough neurotransmitters opening the ion channels on the dendritic receptors to let enough Na+ in –It will now fire because of all-or-nothing principle • Neuron has had an action potential and fired because between points 1 & 2 it is becoming depolarized as sodium enters and potassium leaves • Neruon is hyperpolarized and thus in a refractory period during which it cannot fire • Neuron is returning to polarized state and resting potential • What is happening between points 1 & 2? depolarization • Between points 2 & 3? repolarization (sodium getting kicked out, potassium coming back in) • From 3 to 4? neuron is returning to polarized state and resting potential

12. What is the function of the reuptake transporter? To deliver neurotransmitters back to neuron that released them so they can be repackaged What happens if the reuptake transporter is blocked by an agonist like cocaine? The neurotransmitter remains in the synapse until it is broken down by glial cells or the cocaine is broken down; it will keep locking on to the receptors of post-synaptic neurons causing additional action potentials 3. How do you know if something is the presynaptic vs. postsynaptic membrane? (e.g. what is the difference between the 2 or where do you find them?) Presynaptic is on the axon terminal side; post-synaptic is the membrane of the dendrites of receiving neuron

13. Label the following: • Forebrain • Cerebral cortex • Limbic system • Hindbrain • Midbrain

14. 1. Label the following AND identify their main function(s): • frontal lobe • prefrontal lobe • parietal lobe • occipital lobe • cerebellum • medulla • pons • temporal lobe • 2. What is a sylvian fissure and between which lobes is it located? It is the sulcus between the temporal and frontal lobes (AKA fissure of Rolando)

15. Label the following AND identify their functions: • motor cortex • somatosensory cortex • Broca’s area • auditory cortex • visual cortex • Wernicke’s area

16. Identify all of the # areas depicted in this cross section of a brain cerebrum/cerebral cortex corpus callosum ventricle fornix midbrain/RAS thalamus pons pituitary gland cerebellum medulla spinal cord ventricles are fluid filled cavities in brain that cushion the brain during head trauma, help remove waste, and transport hormones to different parts of brain The fornix connects hypothalamus to hippocampus for communication between the 2

17. 1. What are the functions of the cigulategyrus, pineal gland, and fornix? • cingulate gyrus: • coordinates sensory input with emotions • involved in emotional response to pain • regulates aggressive behavior • pineal gland: releases melatonin that helps regulate circadian rhythms (sleep/awake cycle) • fornix: connects hypothalamus to hippocampus

18. Endocrine System • Label the diagram with the names and functions of each part! • Use the following terms: • pineal gland • hypothalamus • pancreas • thyroid • parathyroid • testes • ovaries • pituitary gland Note: Thymus plays role in immune system