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Deemed Savings for Hot Water Savings Measures in Multifamily Buildings

Showerheads Faucet Aerators Pipe Wrap Tank Wrap. Deemed Savings for Hot Water Savings Measures in Multifamily Buildings. Low Flow Showerheads & Aerators. Current Savings Assumptions Showerhead = 158 kWh/yr Aerators = 0 kWh/yr 3 year measure life Seattle Apartment/Condominium Program

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Deemed Savings for Hot Water Savings Measures in Multifamily Buildings

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  1. Showerheads Faucet Aerators Pipe Wrap Tank Wrap Deemed Savings for Hot Water Savings Measures in Multifamily Buildings

  2. Low Flow Showerheads & Aerators • Current Savings Assumptions • Showerhead = 158 kWh/yr • Aerators = 0 kWh/yr • 3 year measure life • Seattle Apartment/Condominium Program • Over 65,000 units had showerheads & aerator • Sub-metered water use in 93 units in 7 buildings • Showerhead user flow rate pre- 2.3 gpm • Showerhead user flow rate post- 1.6 gpm • Savings = 200 kWh/yr • Hot faucet use/day pre- 15.5 gal • Hot faucet use/day post- 8.4 gal • Savings = 90 kWh/yr (kitchen) • Savings = 80 kWh/yr (bathroom)

  3. Low Flow Showerhead & Aerator Issues • EPAC 1992 set maximum showerhead flow rate at 2.5 gpm and faucet aerator flow rate at 2.75 gpm. Oregon and Washington Code required these beginning in 1989/91. • Therefore, if a consumer replaces there showerhead, it must use 2.5 gpm or less. This means “expected measure life” of incremental savings is shorter. • Median expected life of showerheads is between 7 – 12 years. • This means that at least 50% of the showerheads already use 2.5 gpm or less. • Seattle study indicated average “user” showerhead flow rate of 2.3 gpm. • This means that 2.0 gpm or less showerheads are required on average to produce savings. • AWWA Research Foundation (1999) showed end-use metering of almost 1200 homes indicated average faucet flow rate of 1.35 gpm. • This means that 1.0 gpm or less faucet are required on average to produce savings.

  4. Kitchen and Bathroom Faucet Aerators • Other Historical Savings Assumptions • PacifiCorp (Single Family) • One Kitchen + One Bath – 100 kWh, de-rated to 73 kWh/yr for persistence • PSE • One Kitchen + One Bath = 150 kWh • PGE • Kitchen – 32 kWh/yr • Bath – 21 kWh/yr • SCL • Bath – 35 kWh/yr

  5. Kitchen and Bathroom Faucet Aerators – Summary of Field Research • AWWA Research Foundation (Approx. 1200 homes, sub-metered fixtures in 1999) • 10.9 gals/day/capita over 8.1 minutes/day/capita • 1.35 gpm average flow rate • Seattle Water Department (2000) – Single Family • Retrofitted 60 bathroom faucets w/ 1.5 gpm aerators and 27 kitchen faucets w/ 2.2 gpm aerators • Total water use decreased from 9.2 gals/day/capita to 8.0 gals/day/capita. Reduction was statistically significant. • Hot water use was also reduced, but reduction was not statistically significant.

  6. Kitchen and Bathroom Faucet Aerators Deemed Savings Options • Option 1 – Do not accept savings from aerators unless they are documented using RTF Savings Estimation Protocols • Option 2 – Establish deemed savings value for aerators for multifamily buildings based on SCL/PSE/BPA research

  7. Hot Water Heater Tank Wrap • Current Status – Eligible measure, no deemed value • BPA Research (Biemer,Auburg &Ek) • 190 kWh/yr savings for wrapping EF86 Tank w/R11 • 152 kWh/yr adjusted for space heating interaction • Cost $12 for wrap, $15 for installation • Credit @ • 5 yrs = $18 • 7 yrs = $25 • 10 yrs = $34

  8. Hot Water Heater Tank Wrap - Options • Option 1 – Maintain eligibility, but do not establish deemed savings • Option 2 – Establish deemed savings based on R11 wrap of EF86 tank with measure life of ? years.

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