1 / 17

MIGRATION

MIGRATION. The impact on HIV/AIDS. The movement of people from one place to another. Pull factors. Push factors. Reasons for migration. Ethnic tension Famine Poverty Construction – 10m a year for dam projects alone. Unemployment Socio-economic instability

verena
Download Presentation

MIGRATION

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. MIGRATION The impact on HIV/AIDS

  2. The movement of people from one place to another • Pull factors • Push factors

  3. Reasons for migration • Ethnic tension • Famine • Poverty • Construction – 10m a year for dam projects alone • Unemployment • Socio-economic instability • Unequal distribution of resources • Quality of life • War • Violence • Human rights

  4. HIV and migrants • UN has characterised AIDS and international migration patterns in resource poor countries as the 2 most crucial issues facing todays’ world. • Being a migrant is not a risk factor BUT activities and conditions for migrants are. • In 2003 175m lived and worked outside their own country (est. 15m illegally)

  5. Migrants are vulnerable to HIV • 3. Health care – limited access to health care, knowledge and protection affects cause and effect • 1. Workers – truck drivers, miners, construction workers separated from partners • 2. Abuse – vulnerable groups mainly women and children not in control of own lives, raped abused

  6. South African survey • 196 migrant men and 130 of their rural partners • 64 non migrant men and 98 of their partners • 26% migrant men have HIV • 12.7% non-migrant men have HIV • Being a partner of a migrant man appears not to be significant

  7. Mobile populations are often Marginalised • Discrimination • Xenophobia • Exploitation • Harassment • Little access to legal/social protection • Illegal migrants may lack access to education/health care and social services for fear of detention

  8. Migration and risk • Regions with higher rates of seasonal or long term mobility have higher rates of infection • Transport routes and borders • Uganda, rate of 11.5% twice the rate of non migrants • 50% migrants report having sex at their destination, 10% use condoms • Host country unwilling to invest in health and sanitation for migrants, discriminate by excluding migrants

  9. Factors influencing AIDS and migration • Sierra Leone, 10 year conflict – HIV in sex workers increased from 27% to 71% • 11% Nigerian peace keepers returned with HIV • 1994 war and genocide in Rwanda lead to spread into rural areas • Civil war more often that conflict between countries • 72 countries with regional conflicts • 1974 – 2.4m refugees • 2003 – 27.4m • 13 of the top 17 with highest HIV rates have conflict

  10. War and HIV • Mass population movement disrupts community and support mechanisms • Women/girls coerced into sex for money, food or protection • Rape as a weapon of war (Bosnia, Congo, Liberia, Rwanda)

  11. Globalisation and migration • Migrant workers required quickly at short notice, just viewed as workforce by host hence no education welfare or medical provision and rapid expulsion if economy declines • Economic globalisation, trade liberalisation, opening borders • Looking for better life in other countries • Rapid urbanisation with imbalance in social and community development

  12. Migrant workers • S. Africa mines, 95% migrant workers, 18% infection rate • Senegal, 82% of men aged 20-40 migrate for work. Labour mobility the only significant factor in HIV rates

  13. Environmental degradation • 1990’s 100m displaced for construction. • 3 Gorges dam displaced 3m along Yangtze and knock on effect for further 20m. Active nightlife/sex for workers • Droughts, famine, flood displace millions • 2004 Bangladesh floods affected 25m people, Dhaka alone had 1.5m to re-home. Sewage systems destroyed worsening pre-existing conditions of poverty and health service putting more at risk of HIV

  14. Public health expenditure • Freer trade has reduced the ability to regulate and invest in public services • Increased trend for private for profit hospitals (neglect the needs of the poor)Mexican workers in California, 30% never seen doctor, 75% no health insurance • Doctors for highly developed countries recruited from poor countries • Aid is often linked with restrictive financial policies imposed by the World bank that has reduced expenditure in the health sector • Most African countries have a health budget of less that $10 per person and in some of Sub Saharan Africa they are paying $1.30 on debt servicing for every $1 received in aid

  15. Brain drain • Ghana vacancies for doctors 72% • Malawi 52.9% vacancy for nurses • Saskatchewan 54% doctors trained outside Canada • 1998 Canada had 1,338 graduates from South African medical schools

  16. Regional snap shots • Rape as weapon of war. Rwanda, 17% of women who were raped tested positive. • In Uganda, 10% military tested positive • 1994 Rwanda 1% rural infection • 1997 11% due to mixing rural and urban groups in refugee camps • 2m fled to other countries • In Tanzania displaced refugees increased adolescent sex, prostitution, low condom access and lack of family planning services in refugee camps.

  17. South east Asia • International tourism and the sex industry, large numbers of single young men and women. • Young women often join or are forced into prostitution to send money home. • Rapid increase in China, Vietnam, Indonesia • 7.4m with HIV • Sex trade increases risk, in some areas of Thailand, Cambodia and Myanmar the prevalence rate is 40-60%

More Related