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Nutrition and Feeds

Nutrition and Feeds. Feed Additives. Feed Additives vs. Food Nutrient. Feed additive residues may be found in the liver, fat tissue, and muscle. A food nutrient becomes part of the body cells and is necessary for the proper function of these cells. Function of Feed Additives.

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Nutrition and Feeds

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  1. Nutrition and Feeds Feed Additives

  2. Feed Additives vs. Food Nutrient • Feed additive residues may be found in the liver, fat tissue, and muscle. • A food nutrient becomes part of the body cells and is necessary for the proper function of these cells.

  3. Function of Feed Additives • Promote growth and production • Improve feed efficiency • Provide prevention and treatment for internal parasites and diseases • Provide specific actions or results in specific species (e.g. what works on pigs may not work on cattle)

  4. Common Feed Additives • Antibiotics • Hormones • Arsenicals • Dynafac • Dry rumen bacteria • Detergents or surfactants

  5. Antibiotics • Do not cause a marked change in meat quality - any effects would be INDIRECT, resulting from improved general health (more rapid weight gains) • Examples: Aureomycin, Terramycin, Penicillin, Zinc Bacitracin, Hygromycin B, and Streptomycin • Uses of antibiotics vary - in many cases use of them promotes growth (INDIRECTLY) and reduces the number of “unthrifty” animals

  6. Antibiotics cont. • Use of antibiotics in feeds may give rise to population of bacteria which may be resistant to penicillin, the tetracylclines, and other antibiotics. • Thus, resistance might interfere with subsequent treatment of sick livestock. • This resistance might be transferred to bacteria in humans, leading to the possiblity fo untreatable diseases in humans.

  7. Arsenicals • Are arsenic compounds • Used to prevent blackhead in turkeys and coccidiosis in chickens • Considered helpful in stimulating growth in chicks and pigs • Examples: arsenilic acid, sodium arsenilate, and hydroxyphenyl arsenic acid • When birds and animals are removed from arsenic-containing feeds a few days before slaughter, no residues remain.

  8. Dynafac • Minimizes bloat and founder

  9. Dry Rumen Bacteria • Fed to cattle to stimulate rumen bacterial development

  10. Detergents and Surfactants • Used to reduce and stop foaming to prevent bloating

  11. Other Additives (recommended for cattle) • Erythromycin (anitbiotic) - improves growth • Neomycin (antibiotic) - prevents scours • Ethylene Diamine Dihydroiodide - prevents foot rot and lumpy jaw • Poloxalene (surfactant) - prevents bloat • Ammonia Chloride (chemical) - prevents urinary calculi

  12. Other Additives cont. • Ronnel - controls grubs • Thibenzole - controls internal parasites • Melengestrol Acetate - used to depress heat in heifers which generally improves feedlot performance

  13. Sources of Feed Additives • Commercial prepared feeds • Farm produced feeds contain additives when added to the diet from a commercially prepared premix.

  14. Slaughter • Most animals must be stopped at a predetermined time BEFORE slaughter. This gives the animals time to “clear” any residues which could be harmful to consumers.

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