Pest Management

1. Pest Management Essential Standard 8.00- Compare distinguishing chrematistics of pest.

2. Objective 8.01 • Discuss the anatomy and life cycle of pest.

3. What is an insect? • Small animals that have three body regions and three pairs of legs equaling six legs • Body regions • head • thorax • abdomen

4. Types of Insects • The five types of mouthparts are important in identifying and controlling insects. • Chewing • Piercing • Rasping • Siphoning • Sponging

5. Chewing Insects • Insects tear, chew or grind food • Examples • grasshopper • beetle

6. Piercing Insects • Punctures plant and sucks the sap

7. Rasping insect • Rasps or breaks surface and sucks sap • Example • thrips

8. Siphoning insects • Have a coiled tube they dip into liquid food such as nectar and draw it in • Example • butterfly

9. Sponging Insects • Have two sponge-like structures that collect liquid food and move it into the food canal • Example • housefly

10. Life Cycles • Complete metamorphosis has four stages • egg • larva-worms or caterpillars • pupa • adult-flies, beetles, etc.

11. Life Cycles • Incomplete metamorphosis has three stages • egg • nymph • Adult • Insects must be killed when they are feeding or actively moving on the plant

12. Life Cycles

13. Chewing Insects • Parts of leaves are eaten away • beetles • cutworms • caterpillars • grasshoppers

14. Chewing Insects • Beetles • eat leaves, stems, flowers, fruit and nuts • Cutworms • usually attack stems, but may eat other plant parts

15. Chewing Insects • Caterpillars • larva of moths and butterflies • fuzzy or hairy • eat young leaves and stems • roll up in leaves making leaves curl • Grasshoppers • eat all parts of plants

16. Sucking Insects • Aphids • Leaf bugs • Mealy bugs • Scale • Thrips • Whiteflies

17. Aphids • Pierce and suck juices • known as plant lice • cause stunted growth and yellow spotted leaves • causes sticky substances and black mold • will attract ants

18. Aphids

19. Leaf Bugs • Cause plants to look unhealthy • plants will lose their normal color and wilt

20. Leaf Bugs

21. Mealy Bugs • Pierce and suck from underside of leaves and in leaf axils causing yellow appearance and sticky secretions

22. Mealy bugs

23. Scale • Appear as black or brown raised lumps attached to stems and underside of leaves causing yellow leaves and stunted growth

24. Scale

25. Thrips • Chew and then suck causing plant tissue to become speckled or whitened, leaf tip to wither, curl up, or die

26. Thrips

27. Whiteflies • Feed on underside of young leaves causing yellowing • will look like flying little white specks when plants are shaken

28. Whiteflies

29. Mites • Attack underside of leaves causing gray to grayish-green spots • severe infestations cause webbing

30. Mites

31. Plant Diseases

32. Objective 8.02 • Discuss diseases and viruses.

33. Diseases • A disease is a plant disorder caused by an infectious pathogen or agent

34. Diseases • There are 3 conditions necessary for diseases in plants • host plant • disease causing organism or pathogen must be present • favorable environment for disease organism to develop

35. Pathogens • There are four groups of pathogens • bacteria • fungi • viruses • parasitic plants (attach to plants) • mistletoe • dodder • lichens

36. Bacteria • Single celled microorganisms • Examples of common bacteria diseases: • Leaf spot • Rings of different shades of brown, green or yellow spots on leaves. • Blight • cause plant to quickly turn brown or black as if they had been burned

37. Blight

38. Leaf Spots

39. Fungi • Cannot make their own food • They develop hyphae, structures that grow and absorb nutrients from the host plant • Many fungi are spread by spores. • Examples of common fungi diseases: • Damping off causes young plants and seedling to rot off at the soil level. • Rust cause small spots on the leaves that resemble yellow, orange, brown or red rust mainly on the underside of leaves. • Powdery mildew grows on the upper and lower leaf surface as white or gray powdery substance. It is a common disease of houseplants • Galls are round swellings or growths usually on tree branches or leaves.

40. Damping off • A fungal disease that causes young plants and seedlings to rot off at soil level

41. Damping Off

42. Rust • Causes small spots on leaves that resemble yellow, orange, brown or red rust mainly on the underneath side of leaves

43. Rust

44. Mildew • Grows on leaf surfaces--both upper and lower--as white, gray or purple spots

45. Gall • Swellings or growths on plants

46. Viruses • Viruses are pathogens with an extremely narrow host range • Examples of common viruses: • Tobacco mosaic virus which attacks tomatoes, peppers, poinsettias and tobacco. • Can be transfer from human hands of a smoker • Be sure to wash your hands before working with plants to control the spread of this virus • Cause leave to have irregular mottled areas with patterns ranging from dark to light green and yellow to white

47. Mosaic • Caused by viruses that make the leaves have irregular mottled areas with patterns ranging from dark green to light green to yellow to white

48. Mosaic

49. Others Diseases

50. Canker • Causes open wounds on woody plants