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Anatomical Position Standing (feet on floor) Face observer Palms of hands forward laying down:

Anatomical Position Standing (feet on floor) Face observer Palms of hands forward laying down: Prone – face down Supine – face up. Body Regions – five: Cephalic: head, ie. skull and face Cervical: neck Trunk: includes chest, abdomen and pelvis

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Anatomical Position Standing (feet on floor) Face observer Palms of hands forward laying down:

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  1. Anatomical Position • Standing (feet on floor) • Face observer • Palms of hands forward • laying down: Prone – face down Supine – face up

  2. Body Regions – five: • Cephalic: head, ie. skull and face • Cervical: neck • Trunk: includes chest, abdomen and pelvis • Upper limbs: includes shoulders, armpit, arm, forearm, wrist and hand • Lower limbs: includes buttocks, thigh, leg, ankle and foot

  3. Planes and sections – four major 1. Sagital – vertical plane dividing body into left and right • Median plane or mid sagital – equal left/right sides • Parasagital – unequal sides 2. Frontal (coronal) plane: vertical plane that divides body/organ into anterior (front) and posterior (back) 3. Transverse: horizontal plane, divides into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) 4. Oblique – plane at an angle between transverse and either sagital or frontal

  4. Directional Terms • Superior vs. inferior • Anterior vs. posterior • Ventral vs. dorsal • Medial vs. lateral - relative to imaginary midline (horizontal plane) • Intermediate = between two structures as transverse colon is intermediate between ascending and descending colon

  5. Directional Terms (continued) • Ipsilateral = same side as another structure • Contralateral = opposite side from another structure • Proximal vs. distal: nearer vs. further from some reference point, often trunk of body • Superficial vs. deep: relative to surface of the body

  6. Body Cavities – two major with subdivisions in each: • Dorsal: • Cranial cavity • Vertebral canal • 3 layers of protective tissue line these cavities – collectively: meninges • Ventral • Thoracic (superior/anterior to diaphragm) – 3 cavities within • Abdominopelvic (inferior/posterior to diaphragm)

  7. Thoracic cavity: (chest cavity) • Pericardial cavity: fluid filled, surrounds the heart • Pleural cavities: around lungs • Mediastinum: a space behind sternum and vertebral column and between two pleural cavities (literally: ‘middle partition’)

  8. Abdominopelvic cavity • Extends from diaphram to groin • Two divisions: • Superior portion = abdominal cavity contains digestive organs as stomach, small intestine, most large intesting • Inferior portion = pelvic cavity contains some large intestine, internal organs, reproductive organs

  9. Thoracic and Abdominal Cavity Membranes • Act to suspend and protect organs • Composed of connective tissue • Include: • Serous membrane – thin, slippery, covers viscera of thoracic and abdominal cavities • Pleural – pleural cavities • Pericardial - pericardial • Peritoneum – abdominal

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