China under Mao Zedong 1949 - 1976

1. China under Mao Zedong1949 - 1976

2. Outline • GMD-CCP Civil War (1946-1949) • Recovery and Socialism (1949-1956) • Rethinking the Soviet model (1956-1957) • Great Leap Forward (1958-1961) • Recovery & growing elite division (1962-5) • Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (1966-1976)

3. Anti-Japanese War (1937-1945) http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-26029614

6. Civil War (1946 – 1949) • GMD: Guomindang (Nationalist Party) • Chiang Kai-shek (President) • CCP: Chinese Communist Party • Mao Zedong

7. “War of Liberation” Red = CommunistsWhite = Nationalists (GMD/KMT)

8. Mao Zedong • A revolution to remove “3 big mountains” • imperialism • feudalism • bureaucrat-capitalism • A “United Front” of … • workers • peasants • petty bourgeoisie and national bourgeoisie

9. People’s Republic of China • 1949-10-01, PRC, Beijing • Chairman: Mao Zedong • 5-Star Red Flag • Republic of China government retreated to Taiwan

10. Economic Reconstruction 1950s • Soviet Union model and assistance • land reform (eliminate landlord class) • heavy industry (state-owned enterprises) • First National People’s Congress (1954) • PRC Constitution • Zhou Enlai • Premier • Foreign Minister

11. Great Leap Forward (1958-1960) • abandon the Soviet model of economic development • Soviet “scientific planning” • mass mobilization • people’s communes

12. Great Leap Forward (1958-1960) • unrealistic output targets • industry • agricultural and human disaster

13. Growing Division (1962-1965) • Mao Zedong vs. Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping • charismatic leadership vs. bureaucracy

14. Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) • Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution • commitment to revolution and “class struggle” • power struggle to succeed Mao • Phase I: the rise and fall of “red guards” • Phase II: the rise and fall of Lin Biao • Phase III: the rise and fall of the “Gang of Four”

15. Phase I: Red Guards (1966-69)

16. Phase I: Red Guards (1966-69) • Purge of party cadres • Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping • Purge of intellectuals

17. Phase II: Lin Biao (1969-71) • the putative successor to Mao Zedong • the cult of personality around Mao • In 1971 Lin allegedly tried but failed • to assassinate Mao • to flee to Soviet Union (“9.13”) • “9.13” eroded the credibility • of the entire leadership • of the Cultural Revolution

18. Phase III: the “Gang of Four” • 1972 – 1976 • power struggle between • the radical “Gang of Four”, led by Jiang Qing, Mao’s wife • the “moderates”, led by Premier Zhou Enlai • the fate of Deng Xiaoping

19. Diplomatic Breakthrough • 1971, PRC became the representative of China in UN (replaced ROC)

20. Diplomatic Breakthrough • 1972, President Nixon visited Beijing

21. Mao and Zhou Died in 1976 • Turning point in China’s postwar era • “Gang of Four” were arrested • End of the Cultural Revolution

22. Mao’s legacies

24. Reforms and Opening up • The 3rd Plenum of the 11th CCP Central Committee in 1978 • Deng Xiaoping’s ascendancy • economic modernization became focus • US-PRC diplomatic relations in 1979

37. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pr3Hc3zFALo