Introduction, reporting requirements, workshop objectives

1. Introduction, reporting requirements, workshop objectives Workshop on energy balances and energy related greenhouse gas emission inventories (under WG I of the EU GHG Monitoring Mechanism Committee, linked to Energy Statistics Committee) 24-25 June 2003, EEA (CPH) André Jol European Environment Agency

2. Contents • Main GHG emission inventory quality demands • Reporting requirements for inventories (MS and Commission, assisted by EEA) • EU emissions from energy (supply and demand) • Reporting of energy data • EU GHG inventory improvement • Objectives of the workshop

3. Main inventory quality demands Increasing demand for timely and high quality data for all user needs, but main driver is Kyoto Protocol. • reliable (accurate) detailed trends (use of the best scientific methodology) • consistent over time (preferably use of the same method for the complete time series) • comparable between countries (use of same source categories) • complete (covering all major source sectors) • transparent (assumptions and methodologies used should be clearly explained and documented)

4. Main emission reporting requirements UNFCCC and EU GHG Monitoring Mechanism • UNFCCC Kyoto Protocol (6 greenhouse gases/carbon sinks) by 15 April (N-15 months) • EU GHG Monitoring Mechanism (being revised in 2003) by 31 December (N-12 months). • Same guidelines and methodologies: • UNFCCC Guidelines and Common Reporting Format,revised and adopted in 2002 (COP8) • 1996 IPCC Guidelines and Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management (2000) • LULUCF (carbon sinks) Guidance being developed (2003) • Additional MM implementing provisions (e.g. indicators) • EU needs to compile an annual inventory (15 MS) and prepare NIR

5. Requirement to implement National GHG Inventory System under Kyoto Protocol • Institutional, legal and procedural arrangements necessary to perform all functions • Capacity for timely performance • Single national entity with overall responsibility and involvement of others (scientific organisations, national statistical institutes, industry, environmental NGOs) • Inventory QA/QC planning and implementation • Programmes to improve the quality of activity data, emission factors and methods • Identification of key source categories • Estimation of uncertainties • Recalculation • Report NIS in National Inventory Report

6. Main other reporting requirements GHG MM • Report on national programmes (adopted and planned policies and measures and their effectiveness), usually similar to Communication to UNFCCC • Annual/bi-annual (future) reporting of projections for 2010 : ‘with measures’ (=baseline), ‘with additional measures’, and key underlying scenario data and assumptions • Guidelines/implementing provisions (to be revised in 2003) • Main new reporting requirements on Kyoto mechanisms (emission trading,joint implementation, clean development mechanism), ”carbon sinks” (LULUCF) and EU ET Directive

7. Assessment and reporting under the EU GHG Monitoring Mechanism • Annual Commission report assessing progress towards the Kyoto Protocol (and burden sharing), see http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/climat/greenhouse_monitoring.htm • Support by EEA (see http://www.eea.eu.int) • EEA maintains the EU GHG inventory, assisted by the European Topic Centre on Air and Climate Change (ETC/ACC) and cooperating with JRC (carbon sinks) and Eurostat (energy) (Technical report 95, 2003) • Greenhouse gas emission trends and projections in Europe (Environmental issue report No 33) • Greenhouse gas emission trends 1990-2000 (Topic report No. 7/2002) • Greenhouse gas emission projections (Technical report No. 77)

8. EU greenhouse gas emissions in relation to the Kyoto target (excl. LUCF)

9. EU-15 greenhouse gas emissions by sector and gas (change base year-2001 and share in 2001)

10. Main driving forces EC CO2 emissions

11. Contribution from energy/transport to EC emissions • ‘Energy industries’: 28 % of total EU GHG emissions (electricity and heat production, oil refineries and manufacturing of solid fuels). 2 % decline is largely due to efficiency improvements in German coal fired power plants and to fuel switch in the UK power industry. • ‘Transport’: 21 % of total EU GHG emissions. 20 % increase mainly due to fast growing road transport in all EU MS. • ‘Other (Energy)’: 17 % of total EU GHG emissions (households and services). 1 % above 1990 levels in 2001, but fluctuate according to annual changes in outdoor temperature. • ‘Industry (Energy): 14 % of total EU GHG emissions. Emissions decrease 9 %, largely due to the restructuring of the German industry and efficiency improvements in Germany and other countries.

12. Reporting of energy and GHG emissions • Energy to Eurostat/IEA (annual questionnaires, per fuel) • GHG data to UNFCCC and Commission (MM) • Linkages and issues to be considered at the workshop: • MS compile and report national inventory using national energy data: need for consistency between both reporting mechanisms and for timely availability of national energy data; • Eurostat compiles energy balances and prepares EU CO2 reference approach estimates (with ETC) for comparison • EEA/ETC compiles EC inventory with national GHG and energy data to UNFCCC (also for comparison) • UNFCCC reviews inventories, using e.g. Eurostat/IEA data

13. EC GHG inventory improvement • QA/QC of EC inventory depends on QA/QC systems for national GHG inventories • Minor differences between EC and Member States’ inventories, are further being reduced through the UNFCCC review process • Eurostat improvement project for national energy balances and annual estimation of EC CO2 emissions (IPCC Reference Approach) (this workshop) • JRC compares national estimates for carbon sinks (focus on forests) and coordinates a project for improving GHG emissions from agriculture (focus on N2O from soils) (various other workshops)

14. Eurostat energy balance improvement project • Grants to most EU MS: • 2000: DK, SE, NL • 2001: AU, DE, FR, UK • 2002: IE, IT, PT • 2003: call for proposals remaining countries • Tasks for each grant: • Examine data in CRF and in questionnaire (IEA/Eurostat) and identify and explain difference (for 1990, 1995, 2000) • Establish a national procedure to eliminate differences • Provide updated energy data for 1990-2000

15. Objectives of the workshop • Share best practice between countries, both statistical institutes and national GHG inventory compilers • Strengthen the link between the reporting mechanisms of energy data (Eurostat/IEA) and GHG inventories (UNFCCC, Commission) • Make recommendations to improve emission estimation methods and reporting of energy statistics as well as GHG inventories (from energy)