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The Northern, Middle, and Southern Colonies

The Northern, Middle, and Southern Colonies. The New England Colonies. Geography. Location New Hampshire, Vermont, Maine, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island Terrain Hills and low mountains, narrow plains along coast Thin and rocky soil (difficult for farming)

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The Northern, Middle, and Southern Colonies

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  1. The Northern, Middle, and Southern Colonies

  2. The New England Colonies

  3. Geography • Location • New Hampshire, Vermont, Maine, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island • Terrain • Hills and low mountains, narrow plains along coast • Thin and rocky soil (difficult for farming) • Weather and Resources • Large areas covered by forests • Richest fishing in the world off the coastline

  4. Establishment • Chartered by the Puritans • Wanted to reform the Church of England • Persecuted by King Charles I in 1620s • Left England in 1630 • 900 puritans on 11 ships • Known as the Massachusetts Bay Company • Led by John Winthrop

  5. Growth and Change • New England colonists earned their livelihoods in several different ways • Leather goods, fishing, shipbuilding • English colonies were free to expand after the end of the Native American Uprising called King Philips War • Stern religious rule had less influence over the later generations than it did over the original founders

  6. New England Colonies – Comprehension Check • Question 1: Why were the New England Colonies founded? • A. Religious freedom • B. Sandy soil that was ideal for growing tobacco

  7. New England Colonies – Comprehension Check • Question 2: How did most New England colonists make their living? • A. Wheat farming • B. Fishing and shipbuilding Need to review the New England Colonies? Start at the beginning:

  8. The Middle Colonies

  9. Geography • Location • New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware • Terrain • Mostly lowland • Weather and Resources • Warmer climate, with longer growing season • Fertile soil well suited for wheat, fruits, and vegetables

  10. Establishment • New York began as the Dutch colony of New Netherland • Was an economic success (farming and trade) • In 1664 King Charles II of England granted all Dutch lands to his brother James • James sent warships and the Dutch surrendered immediately • The colony was then renamed New York NEW YORK

  11. Growth and Change • Wheat was the top cash crop in this area, produced by small farms • Wheat = America’s breadbasket • Manufacturing and Trade Artisans were also prevalent • Non-English immigrants made the Middle Colonies the most diverse part of English North America

  12. Middle Colonies – Comprehension Check • Question 1: Where did most of the colonists in the Middle Colonies come from? • A. Spain • B. Netherlands

  13. Middle Colonies – Comprehension Check • Question 2: What is the main cash crop in the Middle Colonies? • A. Cotton • B. Wheat Need to review the Middle Colonies? Start at the beginning:

  14. The Southern Colonies

  15. Geography • Location • South of the Mason-Dixon Line • Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia • Terrain • Coastal area (Tidewater) • Flat lowland with many swampy areas • Rolling hills (Piedmont) • Weather and Resources • Climate is warm and humid • Hot summers with long growing season • Farming: tobacco and rice

  16. Establishment • In 1632 King Charles I granted charter for a colony in Maryland • Chartered by the Catholics • Were discriminated greatly in England • Led by George Calvert • Goal: to create a colony where Catholics could live safely • First settlers included both Catholics and Protestants • Religious toleration • Act of Toleration in 1649 • All adult male Christians the right to vote and hold office

  17. Growth and Change • Two distinct ways of life • The Tidewater region • Plantations – crops of cotton, sugar, tobacco, and rice • Helped promote the spread of slavery • The Backcountry • Cut off from the coast by poor roads and long distances • Families lived in isolated farms

  18. Southern Colonies – Comprehension Check • Question 1: What is the climate in the Southern Colonies? • A. Cold and rainy • B. Warm and humid

  19. Southern Colonies – Comprehension Check • Question 2: What are the two distinct ways of life in the Southern Colonies? • A. Tidewater and Backcountry • B. Tidewater and Piedmont Need to review the Southern Colonies? Start at the beginning:

  20. Summary • The English colonies developed along distinct regional lines • They were founded for many reasons including religious and political freedom, economy, and conquest Do you need more time to review? Start over:

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