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Intervention with Families. Review outline in notes. The family defined: “A family is who they say they are.” (Wright & Leahy, 2000). Cultural Variations Caution must be taken in generalizing about variations in family life cycle development according to culture. Family Functioning.
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Intervention with Families Review outline in notes
The family defined: “A family is who they say they are.”(Wright & Leahy, 2000)
Cultural Variations • Caution must be taken in generalizing about variations in family life cycle development according to culture.
Family Functioning • Boyer and Jeffrey describe six elements on which families are assessed to be either functional or dysfunctional. 1. Communication • Family members are encouraged to express honest feelings and opinions, and all members participate in decisions that affect the family system. • Behaviors that interfere with functional communication include • Making assumptions • Belittling feelings • Failing to listen • Communicating indirectly • Presenting double–bind messages
2. Self-concept Reinforcement • Functional families strive to reinforce and strengthen each member’s self-concept, with the positive result being that family members feel loved and valued. • Behaviors that interfere with self-concept reinforcement include • Expressing denigrating remarks • Withholding supportive messages • Taking over
3. Family Members’ Expectations • In functional families, expectations are realistic, flexible, and individualized. • Behaviors that interfere with adaptive functioning in terms of member expectations include • Ignoring individuality • Demanding proof of love
5. Family Interactional Patterns • Family interactional patterns are functional when they are workable and constructive and promote the needs of all family members. • They are dysfunctional when they become contradictory, self-defeating, and destructive. Examples are patterns that • Cause emotional discomfort • Perpetuate or intensify problems rather than solve them • Are in conflict with each other 6. Family Climate • A positive family climate is founded on trust and is reflected in openness, appropriate humor and laughter, expressions of caring, mutual respect, a valuing of the quality of each individual, and a general feeling of well-being. • A dysfunctional family climate is evidenced by tension, pain, physical disabilities, frustration, guilt, persistent anger, and feelings of hopelessness.
