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Introduction to Cell Structure and Organelles - Exploring the Microscopic World

Discover the fascinating world of cells and their organelles. Learn about the functions and locations of key organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, golgi bodies, vacuoles, lysosomes, cell membrane, cell wall, and chloroplasts.

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Introduction to Cell Structure and Organelles - Exploring the Microscopic World

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  1. Warm Up 9-4-18 • We are made up of microscopic living things called: CELLS • There are Approximately 75 TRILLION cells in the Human Body. 75 Trillion

  2. The Organelles • CELLS are made up of different parts called ORGANELLES. • Each one has a specific FUNCTION/job! • The Organelles: • Nucleus • Mitochondria • Cytoplasm • Endoplasmic Reticulum • Ribosomes • Golgi Bodies (Apparatus) • Vacuoles • Lysosomes • Cell Membrane • Cell Wall • Chloroplast

  3. Cell Membrane Organelle-Cell Membrane • Function-To protect the cell and allow things IN and OUT. • Analogy-The cell membrane is like a fence because a cell membrane lets things in and out of a cell just like a fence lets things in and out of a yard. • Found-Animal & Plant Cells

  4. https://youtu.be/6fhbbFd4icY • https://youtu.be/LKN5sq5dtW4

  5. Cytoplasm • Organelle-Cytoplasm • Function-Gel-like fluid found all throughout the cell; All other organelles are suspended (floating) in it. • Analogy-The Cytoplasm is like Jell-O, constantly moving & swishing around holding fruit (or organelles) in place • Found- Plant & Animal Cells

  6. Cytoplasm Means… Cyto = Cells Plasm= Shape Cyto + Plasm = Cell Shape Write this under “Cytoplasm” on your notes!

  7. FYI: Cytoplasm • Cytoplasm is basically the thick gel like substance that fills the cell sometimes called cytosol. • It helps move materials around the cell. • It contains enzymes, fatty acids, sugars, and amino acids that are used to keep the cell working.

  8. TheNucleus • Function-DNA (our genes) is in the nucleus. It directs the cell’s activities. The nucleolusis housed here. (The Nucleus tells all the other parts what to do! ) • Analogy-The nucleus is like a Brain • Found-Animal & Plant Cells

  9. Mitochondria • Organelle- Mitochondria • Function-Performs cellular respiration which breaks down sugarand produces energy.(In the form of ATP) • Analogy-“Power plant” of the Cell • Found-Animal & Plant Cells

  10. What are Mitochondria? (2 min. clip) https://youtu.be/7o0NkKez1AY

  11. FYI: Mitochondria • They are very small and cells may contain several thousand of them. It all depends on the cells needs. • If the cell feels it is not getting enough energy, than more can be created. • Food such as glucose (sugar) is broken down into carbon dioxide and water which releases energy. (Cellular Respiration!) • We breathe in oxygen to help this process.

  12. Where are the Mitochondria??

  13. What does it look like on the inside?

  14. Ribosomes • Organelle- Ribosome • Function-Makes protein out of amino acids. All cells need protein to function! • Analogy-Ribosomes are like a Protein Factory • Found-Animal & Plant Cells

  15. Where are Ribosomes located? Some attach to ROUGH ER… Some float in cytoplasm…

  16. Lysosomes • Function-Breaks down old cell parts &releasesthem for recycling • Analogy-Like the Janitors • Found-Plant & Animal Cells

  17. But Wait…There’s More! A plant cell has two more unique organelles!

  18. Chloroplast • Function-Makesfoodfor the cell through photosynthesis • Chlorophyll traps sunlight and makes plants greenincolor. • Analogy-A chloroplast is like a Chefin a Restaurant • Found-Plant Cells

  19. Cell Wall • Function-Structure that is rigid and gives support to a cell. • Cells walls (made of different materials) also found in algae,fungi, bacteria, and archaea. • Analogy-Like a brick wall surrounding a building! • Found-Plant Cells

  20. Video Clip: Biology-Cell Structure https://youtu.be/URUJD5NEXC8

  21. Cell Rap https://youtu.be/-zafJKbMPA8

  22. Nucleolus • Ribosomes are made here. • It’s foundINSIDEtheNUCLEUS!

  23. Vacuoles • Function-Storesfood and water; • Largestare found in plantcells and smallest in animalcells. • Analogy-Like aStorageContainer • Found-Plant & Animal Cells

  24. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Organelle- Endoplasmic Reticulum • Function-Carry/DELIVERSproteinsand other cell materials from one part of cell toanother. • Two Types- Smooth ER andRough ER • Rough E.R. has Ribosomes • Smooth E.R. does NOT have Ribosomes! • Analogy-Like Roadways/Highways • Found-Animal & Plant Cells

  25. Where is the Endoplasmic Reticulum? • Rough E.R.? • Smooth E.R? Rough ER Smooth ER

  26. Golgi Bodies/Golgi Apparatus: • Organelle- Golgi Body • Function-Receives Proteins (mail) from the E.R., Packagesthem (puts it in envelope) then Distributesthem to other parts of cell (Mailman) • Analogy-LikePost office • Found-Plant & Animal Cells

  27. Where are Golgi Bodies???

  28. Where is the Vacuole? Some Animal Cells have Vacuoles while Others Don’t!!

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