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Psychoanalytic Theories

Delve into the foundational concepts of psychoanalytic theories by Freud and Jung, exploring personality structures, ego defences, developmental stages, and application in therapy. Learn about the dynamics of the psyche, strengths, limitations, and practical applications in therapeutic practice.

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Psychoanalytic Theories

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  1. Psychoanalytic Theories • A theory of personality, and a form of therapeutic intervention • based on principle of psychic determinism: “nothing happens by chance” • Freud • Jung

  2. The Johari Window

  3. Freud: Structure of Personality • Id: Primitive part of the mind, repository of drives, major goal is “gratification” • Superego: judge or critic (divided into conscience and ego-ideal) • Ego: mediates between superego and id • Eros: the “life” instinct • Thanatos: the “death” instinct

  4. Behaviour • Shaped by ego attempting to reconcile id and super-ego • When ego has difficulty, it produces a series of defenses aimed at providing protection and gratification simultaneously • Ego-defenses = unconscious manipulation of reality

  5. Ego Defences • Repression: bar from consciousness the id impulse • Denial: blocking external events from awareness • Asceticism: renunciation of all pleasures • Reaction Formation: “over-reacting” • Isolation: somatizing emotions

  6. Ego Defences • Intellectualization: stripping emotion from difficult or threatening impulse • Displacement: redirection of an impulse to a safe substitute • Projection: attribute undesirable wishes to some other person • Regression: return to a less mature form

  7. Ego Defences • Sublimation: transforming unacceptable impulse into a productive, socially acceptable form • “What unconscious protection or gratification does this client get from [insert medical condition here]”

  8. Developmental Context (Freud) • Oral Stage: 0-18 months • Anal Stage: 18 months - 3 years • Phallic Stage: 3-6 years • Latency 7-11 years • Oedipal Phase/Electra Complex

  9. Application of Psychoanalytic Theory • Free Association (no intervention) • Resistance • Transference • Counter-transference Goal of any therapeutic alliance is to make the unconscious, conscious

  10. Jung’s Theory of Personality • Ego: the conscious mind • Personal Unconscious: no instincts • Collective Unconscious: “psychic inheritance” of the human species

  11. Archetypes of the Collective Unconscious • The Mother • Mana: spiritual connectedness • Shadow: drive concerned with survival and reproduction • Persona: projection of self in public space • Syzygy: consists of Anima and Animus

  12. Dynamics of the Psyche • Principle of Opposites • Principle of Equivalence • Principle of Entropy • Synchronicity

  13. Strengths/Limitations Strengths: - it’s probably true - it works in difficult cases - highlights importance of sexuality Limitations: - over-emphasizes psyche, can be paralyzing - more theoretical than practical?

  14. Applications in practice • Free association: provide reason for active listening • Avoid “medicalizing” all problems • Patient is author of his/her own “life script” • E-ducat = “to lead out of darkness” • Role of health professional is not content download, but assist to self-discovery

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