HENRY WORLD HISTORY FINAL EXAM REVIEW

1. HENRY WORLD HISTORY FINAL EXAM REVIEW 2012-2013

2. Chapters 7 and 9 Industrial Revolution • The movement of people from the country to cities is called urbanization. • New inventions in the textile industry made it necessary to change from the “putting out system” to producing cloth in factories • The movement that increased farm production was called enclosure. • Utilitarianism is the idea that the goal of society should be “the greatest happiness for the greatest number” of its citizens. • According to socialism, society as a group rather than individuals should own and operate farms and businesses. • Rural- countryside, opposite of urban

3. British engineer who invented a process to produce steel Bessemer • improved the light bulb Edison • American automobile manufacturer, mass produced cars using the assembly line Ford • Scottish engineer who improved the steam engine Watt • inventor of the telephone Bell • Lister English surgeon who insisted surgeons wash their hands and sterilize their instruments. His ideas led to improved sanitation

4. Key points • Germany & US • Improved sanitation. People bathed and changed clothes more frequently. • Tenements near factories in the cities • Middle class • Joseph Lister

5. King who helped unite Italy through Sardinia Victor Emmanuel II • Italian nationalist who helped to unify Italy, leader of the Red Shirts Garibaldi • Prussian leader (chancellor) who engineered German unity Bismarck • German ruler (kaiser) whose foreign policy was aimed at acquiring an overseas empire William II • The emperor of Austria and King of Hungary Francis Joseph

6. Key points • Unification of Germany • Prussia (Germany) defeated France. France had to give up land that was rich in iron and coal.

7. Chapters 12 and 13 • Imperialism—domination by one country over another politically, economically and culturally • Colony- a region politically controlled by a distant country • Missionary- a person who spreads a religious message. • Justifications? Social Darwinism, had a duty to spread the western blessings--Medicine, Law & the Christian religion • The destruction of an entire religious or ethnic group genocide

8. CHAPTER 14 • opposition to all war pacifism • Payment for losses in a war reparations • The glorification of the military militarism • To prepare military forces for war mobilize • Ideas that are spread in order to promote a cause or to damage an opposing cause propaganda • a policy of supporting neither side in a war Neutrality *A final set of demands ultimatum

9. Stories of atrocities are often used in propaganda. • In waging a total war, a nation channels all of its resources into the war effort • After the war, Ottoman lands were divided into mandates • Militarism was one of the forces that led to the outbreak of war in Europe. • For much of the war the United States followed a policy of neutrality.

10. Chapter 14 key points • Automatic machine gun • US involvement in the war • Machine guns made it nearly impossible • Took the jobs of the men and kept their nations economies going • Brest-Litovsk • In ruins • Modern weapons were more deadly

11. Chapter 15 • A large farm owned and operated by peasants as a group collective • council of workers and soldiers soviet • A wealthy peasant kulak • A form of government in which a one-party dictatorship tries to regulate every aspect of the lives of its citizens Totalitarian state • A style of art glorifying Soviet life Socialist realism

12. Key Points • Bolsheviks overthrew the provisional govt. Led to a 3 year Civil War. Reds Vs. Whites. Reds (Communists) won and took power. • Stalin--building a loyal following among Communist party members. • Improve heavy industry, make Soviet Union a modern industrial power • Food and fuel shortages, loss of lives in WWI • Reds Vs. Whites • The Communist party held absolute control over the government. • Lenin died • Increase support for communism

13. Locarno Treaties- establish Germany’s borders. • League of Nations- settle conflicts without violence • Kellogg-Briand Pact- end (outlaw) war forever

14. Fascism—Blind loyalty to the leader • 3 reasons • It promised order in a time of uncertainty. • Promised strong and stable government • Revival of national pride Great Depression world wide effect.. • High unemployment • Lack of food consumption • Homelessness

15. Fascist dictator in Italy Mussolini • Nationalist general who created a Fascist dictatorship in SpainFranco • Prime minister who rallied Britain to fight against Nazi aggression Churchill • Supreme Allied commander in Europe Eisenhower • Presidentwho issued a policy stating that Americans would resist Soviet expansion in the world Truman

16. name of concentration camp in Southern PolandAuschwitz • site of battle between Germany and the Soviet Union Stalingrad • Naval base in Hawaii that was attacked by Japan in 1941 Pearl Harbor • area that the Allies invaded on D-Day Normandy, France • Japanese city destroyed by an atomic bomb dropped by the United States in 1945 Hiroshima

17. Add to the back of study guide • the refusal to obey unjust laws Civil disobedience • a belief in no God atheism • war fought between two groups of people in the same nation civil war • refusal to buy goods boycott • anti-Jewish anti-Semitism • Gandhi’s nickname Mahatma

18. Essay • There will be an ESSAY worth 20 points. You will choose ONE of the following Three topics. • Identify AND Explain the six (6) causes of WWI • Examine the life of Mohandas Gandhi and explain how he impacted the world • Choose ONE of the main topics from the WWII chapter (Ex: Pearl Harbor) and focus on the W’s. When? , Who?, Where?, Why? What happened?

19. Essay criteria • 2 paragraphs in length • At least (minimum) of 5 sentences per paragraph. No less than 10 SENTENCES. • Topic must be incorporated in your answer and be sure to ANSWER the question that is being asked.