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Predicting Products of Chm Rxns. Synthesis. Synthesis. M + X M a X b. Synthesis. MO + CO 2 M a (CO 3 ) b. Synthesis. MO + SO 2 M a (SO 3 ) b. Decomposition. Heating metal carbonates. M x (CO 3 ) y M x O y + CO 2. Heating metal bicarbonates. M(HCO 3 ) y
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Synthesis • M + X MaXb
Synthesis • MO + CO2 Ma(CO3)b
Synthesis • MO + SO2 Ma(SO3)b
Heating metal carbonates Mx(CO3)y MxOy + CO2
Heating metal bicarbonates M(HCO3)y MO + H2O + CO2
Heating ammonium carbonate (NH4)2CO3 NH3 + H2O + CO2
Heating metal chlorates M(ClO3)y MCly + O2
Heating metal nitrates M(NO3)y M(NO2)y + O2
Active metals in water (SR) M + H2O M(OH)y + H2
Active metal oxides in water MxOy + H2O M(OH)y
Nonmetals oxide in water XOn + H2O HzXOm
Single Displacement MaXb + Yc MaYb + Xc
Single Displacement MaXb + A AaXb + M
Double Displacement MaXb + AcYd MeYf + AgXh
Combustion CxHyOz add O2 CO2 + H2O
REDOX • Acidified or basified X plus ox or red agent
Oxidizing Agents MnO4-1 Cr2O7-2
Reducing Agents Column I & II CO
Oxidation • The ox # of something goes up while the ox # of the oxidizing agent goes down, then balance
Reduction • The ox # of something goes down while the ox # of the reducing agent goes up, then balance
Dehydrating Agent Heat & H2SO4
Dehydration • Remove water
Acid/Base HA + MOH MA + HOH
Complex Ions Positive Metal ion plus: Cl-SCN- CN- NH3 OCN-