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The Economic Rise and Fall of Milwaukee, 1920-2000 By Marc V. Levine Department of History

The Economic Rise and Fall of Milwaukee, 1920-2000 By Marc V. Levine Department of History Center for Economic Development UW-Milwaukee October 7, 2004. Median Family Income in Three Cities: 1960-2000 (in real 2000 dollars). Jobs in Three Cities: 1960-2000 (in thousands).

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The Economic Rise and Fall of Milwaukee, 1920-2000 By Marc V. Levine Department of History

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  1. The Economic Rise and Fall of Milwaukee, 1920-2000 By Marc V. Levine Department of History Center for Economic Development UW-Milwaukee October 7, 2004

  2. Median Family Income in Three Cities: 1960-2000(in real 2000 dollars)

  3. Jobs in Three Cities: 1960-2000(in thousands)

  4. Mature Industrial Milwaukee • Emerged between 1920-1950 • Based on high-value-added durable goods—nonelectrial and electrical machinery and transportation equipment • By the 1940, more than 46% of males employed in Milwaukee manufacturing worked in firms producing iron and steel products or heavy machinery • Manufacturing wages in Milwaukee 10% above the national average in the 1940s

  5. Mature Industrial Milwaukee In 1950: • Full employment economy • 30% of labor force “operatives or laborers;” 42% employed in manufacturing • Family-supporting jobs: median family income above comparable cities • City as unambiguous center of regional economic gravity

  6. 1950s: Storm Clouds on the Horizon • The Bitker Commission • The Oak Creek Law and the End of Annexation • The Zeidler Commission

  7. The Economic Decline of Milwaukee: 1960-2000 • Deindustrialization • Suburbanization of Employment and Commerce • The Secession of the Affluent • Race and Inner City Distress • Failure of Corporate and Political Leadership

  8. The Deindustrialization of Milwaukee

  9. The Suburbanization of Manufacturing in Milwaukee

  10. Geography of Net Job Growth in Metropolitan Milwaukee Since 1970 1970-2000

  11. Local Employment atSelected Milwaukee-Area Companies, 1990-2003

  12. Rising Unemployment in Milwaukee: The City versus the National Urban Average, 1990-2003

  13. A Growing City-Suburban Gap in Joblessness Since 1990

  14. Retail Sales in the City of Milwaukee As Share of Metro Area Retail Trade,1954-1997

  15. Shopping Patterns in Metro Milwaukee, 1977-2000Percentage of households reporting shopping within past 30 days at selected Milwaukee-are shopping centers City

  16. Shopping Patterns in Metro Milwaukee, 1977-2000Percentage of households reporting shopping within past 30 days at selected Milwaukee-are shopping centers Suburbs West/South

  17. Shopping Patterns in Metro Milwaukee, 1977-2000Percentage of households reporting shopping within past 30 days at selected Milwaukee-are shopping centers Suburb/North

  18. Commuting in Metro Milwaukee, 1960-2000 *Preliminary

  19. The Shrinking City Share of Metro Milwaukee’s AffluentPercentage of families/households in metro Milwaukee in various income brackets living in the city

  20. The Changing Geography of Affluence in Metropolitan Milwaukee, 1960-2000

  21. Commuting by the Suburban Affluent, 1960-2000Percentage of top quintile suburban earners working in city *Preliminary

  22. Race and Low-to-Moderate-Skill Employment in Selected Cities, 1970 Percentage of workers employed as “operatives and laborers”

  23. Milwaukee’s “Inner City,” 1970-2000:An Economic Snapshot

  24. Lincoln Park, 1970-2000:An Economic Snapshot

  25. The Employment Crisis in Milwaukee's Inner City(Percentage of Male Residents, Age 25-54 either Unemployed or Out of the Labor Force in Selected Areas, 2000)

  26. Labor Market Exclusion: 1970-2000Census tracts with 50% or more working-age males unemployed or out of labor force

  27. Black Household Income as a % of White Household Income: Milwaukee in a National Context

  28. A Small Black Middle-ClassCompared to other metropolitan areas, Milwaukee’s black middle class is small.Among the 50 largest metro areas in the U.S., Milwaukee ranks 47th in the percentage of black households with annual incomes over $40K

  29. Percentage of Metro Area Black Households with Annual Income Greater than $40K Living in Suburbs, 2000

  30. Percentage of Middle-class (above $40K) Households Living in Neighborhoods in which the Poverty Rate Exceeds 20% in Selected Metro Areas, 2000

  31. Percentage of Affluent (above 100K) Households Living in Neighborhoods in which the Poverty Rate Exceeds 20%, in Selected Metro Areas

  32. Failure of Policies and Leadership • The Maier Years: Inner City Neglect and Regional Confrontation • The Norquist Years: The “Ostrich” and the Booster • “Can’t build a city on Pity” • Market fundamentalism • A developers’ city • Tourism • Corporate Leadership: the GMC, MMAC

  33. Corporate Executive Pay in Milwaukee, 1990-2002Compensation of 100 highest paid executives of publicly held corporations

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