Section 2. The Northern Renaissance

1. Section 2. The Northern Renaissance

2. Main Idea Renaissance ideas soon spread beyond Italy to northern Europe by means of trade, travel, and printed material, influencing the art and ideas of the north. Section 2. The Northern Renaissance Reading Focus • How did the Renaissance spread to northern Europe? • What contributions did writers and philosophers make to the northern Renaissance? • How did the works of northern artists differ from those of the Italian Renaissance?

3. Northern Europe slowly recovered from the ravages of the Black Death

4. I. Artists of the Northern Renaissance The Northern Renaissance began in prosperous cities of Flanders about 1450

5. I. Artists of the Northern Renaissance The rest of Europe began cultural rebirth in the 1500s

6. I. Artists of the Northern Renaissance Albrecht Durer - the “German Leonardo” -helped spread Renaissance ideas

7. I. Artists of the Northern Renaissance Durer was famous for his engravings

8. I. Artists of the Northern Renaissance Jan and Hubert van Eyck - most notable of the Flemish painters Jan van Eyck The Arnolfini Marriage [The Betrothal of Giovanni Arnolfini and Giovanna Cenami], 1434

9. I. Artists of the Northern Renaissance Van Eycks portrayed townspeople and religious scenes in realistic detail Virgin and Child with Saints Barbara and Elizabeth and Jan Vos, by Jan van Eyck

10. I. Artists of the Northern Renaissance Van Eycks are credited with developing the use of oil paint

11. I. Artists of the Northern Renaissance Pieter Bruegel portrayed peasant life; influenced later artists The Peasant Dance by Pieter Brueghel, 1568 Peasant wedding by Pieter Brueghel, 1568

12. I. Artists of the Northern Renaissance 1600’s - Peter Paul Rubens blended realism with classical themes Venus and Adonisc. 1635

13. II. Northern Humanists Humanists stressed education and classical learning; emphasized religious themes

14. II. Northern Humanists Erasmus combined Christian ideas with humanism; the church censored & condemned his works Desiderius Erasmus, 1466-1536

15. II. Northern Humanists In Praise of Folly, first printed in 1511, is considered one of the most influential works of literature in Western civilization and one of the catalysts of the Protestant Reformation. Erasmus used humor to expose immoral behavior and corruption in church

16. II. Northern Humanists Thomas More presented vision of perfect, non-existent society based on reason in Utopia Utopia (published in 1516) attempts to offer a practical response to the crises of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries by carefully defining an ideal republic.

17. III. Writers William Shakespeare wrote 37 plays - comedy, history, tragedy, and misplaced ambition

18. III. Writers Shakespeare enriched the English language - added over 1700 new words

19. III. Writers Cervantes of Spain wrote Don Quixote, mocking the ideal of medieval chivalry

20. III. Writers 1456 - Johann Gutenberg was the first in Europe to use moveable type; printed a Bible

21. III. Writers Printing presses became common across Europe; ideas spread and more people learned to read

22. The bride to be has placed her right hand into the left hand of her fiancé to symbolize their intention to wed. Some of the other symbols: a dog symbolizes love and fidelity, a pair of white slippers in the lower left symbolize the sanctity of marriage, fruits on the windowsill symbolize fertility and original sin, a candle burning in daylight acknowledges faith in God as well as his all-seeing eye. A convex mirror hangs on the wall behind the bride and groom. In this mirror is a reflection of the backs of the principal figures, accompanied by those of the painter and another man who witness the betrothal. The frame of the mirror contains ten medallions portraying scenes from the life of Christ.