Unit 6 The Man in the Water

1. Unit 6 The Man in the Water

2. About the Author Roger Rosenblatt Professor of English Professor of Writing AB, New York University Ph.D, Harvard University

3. About the Author • Roger Rosenblatt is a journalist, author, playwright and professor. As an essayist for Time magazine, he has won two George Polk Awards, and awards from the Overseas Press Club and the American Bar Association, among others. His television essays for the “MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour” have won him a George Foster Peabody Award and an Emmy. He is also the author of six books.

4. About the Air Crash One of the worst snowstorms in the history of Washington, D.C. hit the city 20 years ago on Jan. 13, 1982. Just about everything closed down — the government, businesses, schools, the airports. By about noon, the skies cleared and Washington’s National Airport reopened for business. The crew of Air Florida Flight 90 began preparing for a nonstop trip to sunny Fort Lauderdale, Florida. At 3:59 p.m., the twin-engine Boeing 737 was cleared for takeoff and began rumbling down the runway on its final flight.

5. About the Air Crash Minutes later, the plane smashed into the 14th Street Bridge, only 1,200 yards from the Pentagon, destroying four automobiles and killing five people. The jet then fell into the ice-covered Potomac River , bringing all the passengers to their instantdeath except five —four passengers and one flight attendant — from the tail section, who found themselves gasping and struggling in the icy water.

6. About the Air Crash These five people however survived and they were able to survive because of four heroes. The author wrote this essay in praise of these heroes, three of whom had risked their lives to rescue the survivors and were able to live to tell the story, but the manthat really held the whole nation’s attention was the fourth one who had kept pushing his lifeline and flotation rings to others until he went under.

7. Moments After the Crash At 3:59 the plane shuddered as ittook off and tried to gain altitude. It cleared two of the bridges on the Potomic River, but was losing altitude. The crew and passengers knew they were in trouble before it struck the 14th Street Bridge and it tore in half as it slammed through cars and railing (栏杆）then plunged into the cold, icy, dark waters.

8. Moments After the Crash Moments later only the tail sectionremained afloat, 79 people were aboard Flight 90, six were to survive the crash, but only five would live. Huddled together in the cold icy waters，the survivors waited for the rescue helicopter to arrive. Treading（踩，踏）water, the survivors held on, some with broken arms and legs, two with collapsed lungs caused from the impact. "We're all going to die," someone said,

9. Moments After the Crash Aboard Flight 90 wasArland K. Williams Jr. , who always sat in the tail section of the plane, “the safest part of the plane, he said.” Not long before, Williams had just discussed his marriage with the woman he loved, “I think we’re going to marry soon. ”

10. Moments After the Crash It was 4:20 before the helicopter arrived at the scene, dropping the first lifeline delivering Bert Hamilton 100 yards to shore. It wouldbe tenminutes before the helicopter returned, dropping the line to Williams. He caught it, but instead of wrapping it around himself, he passed the line to flight attendant Kelly Duncan, the only crew member to survive. She took the line, wrapped it under her arms and held tight as she wascarried to shore.

11. Moments After the Crash With room for only one helicopter at a time between bridges, it returned withtwo lifelines, and again Williams caught it and handed it offto yet another survivor, Joe Stiley, the most seriously injured passenger.

12. Moments After the Crash Tirado, who also clung to Stiley and her life line, however, exhausted, in pain and shock, soon lost her grip and plunged back into the cold icy waters of the Potomac. Rescuers again tossed her a life line but she was unable to grasp it to save her own life. Upon seeing this and as Tirado was about to go under, an onlooker, Lenny Skutnik, plunged from the banks of the river into the freezing water and brought her safely to shore.

13. Moments After the Crash By 4:30 p.m, Williams had been in the freezing water for 29 minutes, and histurn had finally come. The helicopter turned once more toward the sinking tail, its two-man crew eager to meetthe man in the water, "to tell him they had never seen such selfless courage."

14. Moments After the Crash They strained (竭尽全力）for signsof the hero of Flight 90. But the balding man was gone. "He could have gone on the first trip," pilot Usher wept, “but he put everyone else ahead of himself. Everyone.” Why? Why did he do this? What did he do this for?

15. Comments on the Event The following are a few words his mother Virginia Williams used to describeher son. "He was average," she said. "Just average." Others’ comment: “It‘s people like these that are heroes. Those people who step out of the norm（规范, 准则） and put their life second in consideration of others in a crisis.” “For isn't it, in times of danger, the average man who saves us all?”

16. Theme of the Text Heroism. Heroism of course has been admired. But this man’s heroism was unusual. People usually expect revolutionaries to die martyrs; true believers to be willing to die for their faith; people ready to lay down their lives in performing their duty; even people to show courage in their attempt to win power, influence, money or to save their loved ones. Butthe man in the water did not fit any of these descriptions.

17. Theme of the Text Heroism. The man in the water did not have to give his rings to others; he did not even know these people. He was extraordinary precisely because he was ordinary. He showed what everyone of us could do. The display of his heroism was a song to the beautiful human character. This is true heroism.

18. Related Information Washington D.C. , the city of form and rules: Downtown Home

19. Related Information Washington D.C. , the city of form and rules: Sightseeing Map

20. Related Information Washington D.C. , the city of form and rules:Metro Map

21. Related Information Presidential Monuments: Washington Monument In recognition of his leadership in the cause of American independence, Washingtonearned the title "Father of his Country". With this monument, the citizens of the United States show their enduring gratitude and respect for the first president in the United States.

22. Related Information Presidential Monuments: Jefferson Memorial Thomas Jefferson — political philosopher, architect, musician, book collector, scientist, horticulturist（园艺学家）, diplomat, inventor, and third President of the United States, also author of the Declaration of American Independence, and Father of the University of Virginia.

23. Related Information Presidential Monuments: Lincoln Memorial The LincolnMemorial is a tribute to President Abraham Lincoln and the nation he fought to preserve during the Civil War (1861-1865). The Lincoln Memorial was built to resemble a Greek temple. It has 36 Doric columns, one for each state at the time of Lincoln’s death. A sculpture by Daniel Chester French of a seated Lincoln is in the center of the memorial chamber.

24. Related Information The Potomac River The Potomac Riveris often referred to as the "Nation's River," because it flows through the nation's capital, where the magnificent monuments of the Washington, Jefferson, and Lincoln memorials are reflected in its waters. It is one of the most beautiful and bountiful rivers on the East Coast and is known for its historic, scenic and recreational significance. It begins as a small spring at the Fairfax Stone in West Virginia, and winds its way through the mountains and valleys of Appalachia, past battlefields and old manufacturing towns. The river flows more than 380 miles and grows to more than 11 miles wide as it reaches the Chesapeake Bay at Point Lookout, Maryland.

25. Related Information Ralph Waldo Emerson Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) is one of the most famous American essayist, poets and philosophers. Known as a transcendentalist, his main themes are individualism, independent thinking, self-reliance, idealism and the worship of nature. His works include Nature, Self-reliance, American Scholar, Overload and many other essays and poems.

26. Related Information Ralph Waldo Emerson Transcendentalism: a philosophy /doctrine that knowledge may be obtained by a study of the mental processes, apart from experience. 先验哲学： 认为不必依赖经验仅研究心智活动即可获得知识的学说。

27. Related Information Ralph Waldo Emerson Quotes from Emerson: “The sum of wisdom is that time is never lost that is devoted to work.” "Do your work, and you shall reinforce yourself."“Good bye, proud world! I’m going home;Thou art not my friend; I am not thine.” “A man is a bundle of relations, a knot of roots, whose flower and fruitage is the world. “

28. Related Information Ralph Waldo Emerson Quotes from Emerson: “Discontent is the want of self-reliance: it is infirmity of will. ” "Every sweet has its sour; every evil its good.“Everything in Nature contains all the powers of Nature. Everything is made of one hidden stuff.” “The only reward of virtue is virtue; the only way to have a friend is to be one”

29. Language Points • 1. As disasters go, this one was terrible, but not unique… • as…goes…: compared with sth. average • As writers go, Oscar Wilde was not the most • talented. But he was among the most popular. • 和一般商人相比， 人们认为他是非常诚实的。 • As businessmen go, he is considered pretty honest.

30. Language Points 2. Washington, the city of form and rules, turned chaotic by a blast of real winter and a single slap of metal on metal. (para 1) • chaotic: adj.in a state of disorder and confusion • chaos: n. • The room was in a chaos. • blast: strong , sudden movement of wind or air • When the window was opened, an icy blast came • into the room. • slap : strike with the palm of the hand, used figuratively here.

31. Language Points 3. And there was the aestheticclash as well -—blue and green Air Florida, the name of a flying garden, sunk down among gray chunks of ice in a black river. (para 1) aesthetic: 审美的；有审美能力的 aesthetics: 审美学；美学 anaesthetic / anesthetic: 麻木的；麻醉的；麻醉剂 chunk: thick, solid piece or lump 一厚块，一大块 a chunk of meat / ice

32. Language Points • clash: V. 1.make a loud, broken, confused noise (as • when metal objects strike together) • Their swords clashed. • 2. meet in conflict • The two armies clashed outside the town. • 3. (of events) intefere with each other because • they are to be at the same timeon the same date • It’s pity that the two concerts clashed. I want to go to both. • 4. be in disagreement with • I clashed with him at the meeting. • The color of the curtain clashes with the of the carpet. • n. the clash of weapons / views / opinions

33. Language Points And there was the aestheticclash as well -—blue and green Air Florida, the name of a flying garden, sunk down among gray chunks of ice in a black river. (para 1) When the air crash occurred, it was not just a clash of metal against the bridge, but also a clash between colors: the blue-green color of the plane ant the gray and black color of the ice and river.

34. Language Points 4. Last Wednesday theelements, indifferent as ever, brought down Flight 90. And on that same afternoon human nature —gropingand struggling — rose to the occasion. (para 2) • the elements: the forces of nature 自然力；风，雨 等的力量 • be exposed to the fury of the elements • grope:feel or search in the dark • grope for the door-handle / light switch • We groped our way in the dark corridor.

35. Language Points • indifferent to: having no interest in ; not caring for • How can you be so indifferent to the sufferings of • those people? • rise to the occasion /challenge /task:prove oneself able to deal with an unexpected problem, a difficult task, etc. • I’m sure he will rise to the occasion when he realizes • what is at stake. (处于危险境地）

36. Language Points Last Wednesday theelements, indifferent as ever, brought down Flight 90. And on that same afternoon human nature —gropingand struggling — rose to the occasion. (para. 2) Last Wednesday, the bad weather, unconcerned about the consequences it might bring about as always, made Flight 90 fall down. On that same afternoon, human nature, groping for the flotation rings and struggling in the icy water, came to prove its greatness displayed in an unexpected tragedy.

37. Language Points 5. Of the four acknowledged heroes of the event, three ate able to account for their behavior. (para. 3) Only three out of these four heroes lived to tell people what they actually had done and how they rescued the five survivors.

38. Language Points • acknowledge: • 1. admit • He refused to ~ that he was defeated. • He ~ having been cheated. • 2. express thanks for • We should ~ gifts promptly. • 3. indicate that one recognizes sb. by greeting • I passed her in the street , but she didn’t even ~ me when I smiled. • 4. acknowledgement n. • We are sending you a small sum of money in acknowledgement of your help.

39. Language Points • account for: • 1. give an explanation or reason for • He can account for every penny in his pocket. • Science can now account for many things that • ancient people could not understand. • 2. answer for • You will have to account for the misprints in the article. • 3. amount to • In that country the production of raw materials account • for a considerable proportion of the national economy. • 那个国家原材料的生产在国民 经济中占相当大的比重。

40. Language Points 6. On television, side by side, they described their courage as well in the line of duty.(para 3) • line: range of activity • His line is banking. 他从事银行业。 • That’s not my line. 那不是我的本行。 • in line with: in agreement with • Our foreign policy is in line with the interests of • all the people of the world. • (be) in line with (be) out of line with

41. Language Points 7. Skutnik added that “somebody had to go into the water, delivering every hero’s line that is no less admirable for being repeated.(para 3) • deliver one’s line :give a remark • deliver a speech • deliver a lecture • Skutnik gave a remark that has been said before by many people in similar situations, but it is still admirable.

42. Language Points 8 . “In a mass casualty, you’ll find people like him,” said Windsor.” But I’ve never seen one with that commitment. (para 4) mass casualty: large number of people hurt or killed in an accident or battle We can always find heroic people like him in a mass casualty because although not everyone is a hero, there’s bound to be a fair representation of heroes in a big crowd. But I’ve never seen anyone with such a strong sense of responsibility.

43. Language Points 9 . His selfishness was one reason the story held national attention; his anonymity another. (para 4) anonymity n. anonymous adj. an ~ letter an ~ gift We can always find heroic people like him in a mass casualty because although not everyone is a hero, there’s bound to be a fair representation of heroes in a big crowd. But I’ve never seen anyone with such a strong sense of responsibility.

44. Language Points 10. The fact that he went unidentified gave him a universal character. (para 4) The fact that he went unidentified made him a representative man, like everyone of us could do. We may feel that it might have been anyone.

45. Language Points 11. For a while he was Everyman, and thus proof (as if one needed it) that no one is ordinary. (para 4) “Everyone” echoes the title of a medieval play about a typical human being. It conveys the idea that this anonymous man really represents the best of human nature. What he did was not the act of a supernatural being, but the act of an ordinary person. Yet

46. Language Points 12. Still he could never have imagined such a capacity in himself. (para. 5) ability capability & capacity: ability:做某种具体事情的能力，特别是经过学习的实际本领; capability：做某事 的才干或本领，可与 ability通用，但更强潜在的能力； capacity： 主要指接受，吸收 或容纳的能力. He has the ability to swim like a fish. He has the capability of solving practical problems. The theater has a seating capacity of 300 people. The book is within the reading capacity of young readers.

47. Language Points 13. He was there, in the essential, classical circumstance. (para 7) essential: basic typical, most important classic: traditional or long established What happened that day was a typical situation in which nature and man fought each other. And when nature begins to show its power, you always find man fight back. He is always there. We can always expect to find such a hero.

48. Language Points 14. So the age-old battle began again in the Potomac. For as long as man could last, they went at each other, nature and man. (para 7) the age-old battle between nature and man: here refers to the traditional idea that human civilization is a record of man’s gradual conquest of nature. go at: attack; fight

49. Language Points 15. … the one making no distinctions of good and evil, acting on no principles, offering no lifelines; the other acting wholly on distinctions, principles and , perhaps, on faith. (para. 7) Nature is indifferent. It does not have any idea what is good or what is bad for human beings, and it does not care. It has no moral principles. Human beings, on the other hand, are different. They have moral standards. They have feelings. They care and they love. Therefore they are able to choose between right and wrong.

50. Language Points 16. In reality, we believe the opposite, and it takes the act of the man in the water to remind us o four true feelings in this matter. (para. 8) Actually, the death of the man did not mean that human beings had lost the battle. In a moral sense, man had won because man’s courage to defy death was also a tremendous power. Therefore, what happened to this man in the water should fill us with pride rather than sadness.