IE-482 HUMANITARIAN LOGISTICS

1. IE-482 HUMANITARIAN LOGISTICS Muhammed Fatih Altınok Zekeriya Akyıldız Halil Cihan Helvacıoğlu Ömer Burak Kınay DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL APRIL –JULY 2010

2. Disaster Overview • Largest oil spill ever recorded • Gulf of Mexico – Macondo Well • Explosion and sinking of BP’s oil rig • Explosion caused 11 deaths • 94 survivors from rig crew • Serious environmental problems arised

4. The Drilling Rig • 9-year-old • Mobile, Floating • Able to drill up to 3000m depth • Owned by Transocean, Leased to BP Explosion – 20 April 2010 • High-pressure methane gas, ignited & exploded • Crew rescued by lifeboats and helicopters • Rig sank in 22 April 2010

5. Before After

6. Disaster in Numbers • BP estimated 1,000-4000 barrels flow rate/day initially • FRTG estimated 20,000 – 40,000 barrels/day • Total leakage: 4,9 million barrels ±10% • Directly impacted 180,000 of ocean • 2000 kmof coastline contaminated

7. Disaster’s Area Representation

9. Leading Causes of the Disaster • Blow-out preventer failure • Misreading pressure data by managers – defective cement job • Mistakes in control routines • Failure to observe and respond to critical indicators • Risky cost cutting decisions not noticed by government regulators

10. Managing the disaster • Crew Rescue Operations • U.S. Coast guards used 2 cutters, 4 helicopters and 1 rescue plane • Firefighting Operations • No specified plan, no preparation • Many Attempts to Stop the Leakage • Clean-up Operations

11. Attempts on stopping the spill • Attempt to close the blowout preventer - FAILED • Placing a 125-tonne containment dome over largest leak – FAILED • Pumping heavy drilling fluids into the blowout preventer – FAILED • The permanent solution: • Drilling of relief wells to reduce the pressure in the main well. Cement pumping finally resulted and the well capped. The well was effectively killed on September 19, 2010 Nearly 5 months of leakage

12. Clean-up Partners • April 28 – U.S. Military joins the clean-up • U.S. Government – Unified Command Structure • BP, Transocean • Federal Agencies: • Minerals Management Service • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) • Coast Guard • Fish and Wildlife Service • National Park Service • Centers for Disease Control (CDC)

13. Clean-up Operations • 4 fundamental strategies • Controlled Burns, Containment, Chemical Dispersal, Oil Removal

14. Waves over containment booms

15. Clean-up in Numbers • Total Response Vessels: 6,300 • Total boom deployed: 1,500km • Oily Water Recovered: 15+ million gallons • Chemical Dispersant Used: 1.1+ million gallons • Oil recovered: 10,5 million gallons • Overall personnel responded: 37,000+

17. Environmental Impacts • Environmental Effects on Gulf Ecosystem • Nearly 9,000 species of animals imposed • Fish, birds and other marine animals • Unexpected changes in the population of species • Destruption of habitats • Increase in the concentration of carcinogens and chemical materials in ocean by 40 times • Genetically modified sea creatures have emerged • The future effects could not be predicted

19. Environmental Impacts • Environmental Effects on Human Life • The biggest health crisis in coastal cities • Water and air pollution • Food Shortage • Pollution created economical discolation for local people

21. BP’s Attitude What Was Right? What Was Wrong? • An appliable crisis plan was not available • Initial denial of responsibility • Inconvenient behaviour of the CEO • Misinforming the media • Inappropriate relations with judges • A good PR performance • Live broadcast from the disaster location • Using trustworthy people for the campaign • The effective use of social media