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Disease

Disease. “Prevention is better than a cure”. GERMS. What causes disease & infection? Louis Pasteur was the 1 st to discover micro-organisms Called them GERMS Suggested & proved that “germs” were cause of disease Pasteur’s discovery lead to pasteurization

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Disease

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  1. Disease “Prevention is better than a cure”

  2. GERMS • What causes disease & infection? • Louis Pasteur was the 1st to discover micro-organisms • Called them GERMS • Suggested & proved that “germs” were cause of disease • Pasteur’s discovery lead to pasteurization • Heating liquids to 60°C before consuming to kill micro-organisms

  3. Viruses (1892) • Discovered by investigating Tobacco Mosaic disease in plants • Used special filters to separate out the bacteria • After several runs of filtering, the plants continued to become infected and die • Wasn’t a bacteria causing the infection • Virus

  4. Vaccines • Smallpox virus used to be one of the leading causes of death worldwide • Rash fill with pus (pox) • Chills • High fever • Nausea • Muscle aches

  5. Edward Jenner (late 1700s) • Observation • Milkmaids who contracted cowpox rarely got smallpox • Conclusion • Contracting cowpox made you immune to smallpox • Began injecting people with cowpox disease • Allowed people to develop immunity to smallpox • World’s 1st VACCINE • Smallpox was effectively eradicated in 1977

  6. How do vaccines work? • Your body’s infection fighters – antibodies and white blood cells – take a long time to produce • Vaccines do not contain live viruses • They cannot cause the disease • Vaccines trigger an immune response to a certain disease by giving you a deactivated form of the disease • If the body is attacked by the same type virus again, the body will already have “immunity” to the virus

  7. Factors that Affect Body Systems • Exposure to bacteria or viruses • Genetics • Sensitivity to environmental factors • Pollution • Allergens • Response to stress • General body maintenance

  8. General body maintenance • Diet • Exercise • Sleep • Smoking • Over 4000 different chemicals in a cigarette • 40 known to cause cancer • Tar – settles on the surface of all organs; prevents hairs from removing mucus from respiratory tract • Carbon monoxide – is picked up by red blood cells instead of oxygen • Nicotine – speeds up the heart and raises blood pressure; addictive

  9. Diseases of Organ Systems • Respiratory • Emphysema • Smoke form cigarettes destroys the alveoli in the lungs • Treatment • Stop smoking • Exercise • Oxygen therapy

  10. Digestive • Ulcers • Caused by H. pylori bacteria • Not broken down by stomach acid • Causes a hole in the stomach lining • Mucous not produced at sufficient levels • Stomach acid burns muscles around stomach • Treatment • Antibiotics • Acid-blockers • Surgical repair

  11. Circulatory • Arthrosclerosis • Narrowing of the arteries • Heart has to pump harder • Increases blood pressure • Decreases/stops blood flow • If blood flow is cut off to the: • Heart = heart attack • Brain = stroke • Can be caused by a diet high in lipids (fats and oils)

  12. Treatment • Lifestyle changes • Medication • Stent • Opening blocked blood vessels • Bypass surgery • Surgeons use a healthy blood vessel to bypass the area that was blocked

  13. Excretory • Kidney Stones • Solid mass made up of tiny crystals • Form when urine contains too much of certain substances • Ex. Calcium stones • Biggest risk factor is not drinking enough fluids • Are more likely to occur if you make less than 1 liter of urine a day • Stones can block the flow of urine out of the kidneys

  14. Treatment • Small stones usually pass on their own • Medicine or shock waves can be used to help break down stones • Surgery is usually needed if: • The stone is too large • The stone is blocking urine flow or causing infection

  15. Parkinson’s Disease • Caused by the slow breakdown of the nerve cells in the brain • Create dopamine - helps control muscle movement • Breathing, balance, movement and heart function • Progressive disorder • Treatment • Only treat symptoms – do not slow or cure disease • L-dopa – a drug that is converted into dopamine in the brain

  16. Cancer • Term used for diseases where abnormal cells divide without control & are able to invade other tissues • Normal cells multiply when needed, and die when the not needed • Cancer appears when cell growth is out of control • Signals that tell the cell to die are turned ‘off’

  17. Cancer cells can spread to other parts of the body through the blood system • Cancer is not just one disease but many diseases • More than 100 different types

  18. Causes • Exposure to chemicals • Excessive sunlight exposure • Genetic • Obesity • Viruses

  19. Treatment • Varies based on the type of cancer and its stage • Stage of a cancer refers to how much it has grown • If the cancer is confined to one location & has not spread, the most common treatment approach is surgery • If surgery cannot remove all of the cancer, the options for treatment include radiation or chemotherapy • Goal is to kill cancerous cells

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