HINS

1. HINS Giorgio Apollinari Strategic Engineering Planning Committee Sep. 17th 2009

2. Outline Slides 3-9 Slides 10-17 Slides 18-20 Slides 21-22 Slides 23-30

3. Introduction and History • The High Intensity Neutrino Source (HINS) R&D Program is an effort that began in late 2005 to demonstrate the application of technologies that are innovative for a low-energy, high-intensity hadron beam linear accelerator • HINS is a moderate R&D effort at ~7-8M$/year (no-OH) • ~2.5 M$ M&S • ~4 M$ SWF (~35-40 FTEs) • HINS technology is the baseline front-end of the proposed Project X Linac ICD-1 (pulsed, 8 GeV Linac) • Elements of the HINS technology could be used as they are (SSR1 cavities, focusing solenoids) or with some modifications (Chopper, cryomodule) for the ICD-2 design (CW, 2 GeV Linac)

4. HINS R&D Objectives • Demonstrate beam acceleration using superconducting spoke-type cavity structures starting at a beam energy of 10 MeV • Demonstrate the use of high power RF vector modulators to control multiple RF cavities driven by a single high power klystron for acceleration of a non-relativistic beam • Demonstrate beam halo and emittance growth control by the use of solenoid focusing optics up to 60 MeV • Demonstrate fast, 325 MHz bunch-by-bunch beam chopper

5. HINS R&D Objectives • The plan is to achieve these goals within the context of the once-proposed Fermilab Proton Driver Linac front-end design. A 6020-30 (late 2008 scope change) MeVlinac, comprising a 50 keV H- ion source, 2.5 MeV RFQ, chopper, 10 MeV room temperature linac with superconducting solenoids, two cryomodules of β = 0.2 spoke cavities and one cryomodules of β = 0.4 cavities, will be constructed and operated. The plan includes development of relevant accelerator and RF technologies, components, and test facilities. 5

6. HINS Layout Ion Source RFQ MEBT Room Temperature 16-Cavity, 16 SC Solenoid Section 50 KeV 2.5 MeV 10 MeV Two Β=0.2 SSR 9-Cavity, 9-Solenoid Cryostats X XX 20 MeV 30 MeV One Β=0.4 SSR 11-Cavity, 6-Solenoid Cryostat 60 MeV

7. 150 ft. HINS: MDB Facilities ILC HTC Cave Cavity Test Cave RF Component Test Facility Klystron and Modulator Area 60 MeV Linac Cave Existing CC2 Cave Ion Source and RFQ Area

8. The Path to the Present • HINS began as a “lifeline” for a high intensity proton machine in 2006 when ILC was everything • HINS program has been de-scoped twice • Eliminated one of two SSR2 β=0.4 cryomodules in 2007 due to space constraints when CC2 test cave in MDB was not dismantled as envisioned • Eliminated the remaining SSR2 cryostat in 2008 when reality of HINS schedule relative to that of Project X expectations was acknowledged • HINS program has been unable to set and follow any schedule consistent with the 2006 charge to: Accomplish the R&D necessary to establish technical credibility and cost basis for the Linac front-end by ~2010

9. Factors Along the Path • HINS is a larger undertaking than often recognized, with multiple new technologies and new designs in significant areas • RF power distribution and control • SC spoke-type RF cavities, facilities and cryomodule development ‘from scratch’ • Physical implementation, integration, and operation of all equipment • One year delay in RFQ delivery and subsequent problems • Loss of > one man-year of key superconducting component engineering talent to LHC magnet repair • Inability to obtain commitment and control of necessary human resource talents, especially: • Delayed cryogenics systems engineering (completed for Test Cave, still needed for Beamline) • Rf power distribution and low level RF engineering • Mechanical systems engineering • Electrical power supply engineering • A highly fragmented work force , especially on AD/APC front (SWF discussion) • Acknowledgement of these issues • “Broken” schedules and inability to obtain resources commitments (esp. cryogenic and RF engineering) have been publicly described at several AAC and other reviews since May 2006

10. WireScanner Proton US DS UH, UV DH, DV HINS Status: RF Power & Ion Source • 325 MHz Klystron has been available for +2 years and has been used for commissioning of RF equipment (RT cavities, RFQ, IQM) • Ion Source (p) has been setup and commissioned for the last ~6 months • Usual operational growing pains • Superb training ground for students & experience on “solenoidal” tracking West Up East Down

11. HINS Status: RFQ Problem & “Fix” RF Joint Seal Tref + 13 min Tref + 8 min Tref + 7 min Tref + 23 min Tref + 9 min Tref + 11 min

12. HINS Status: RT Cavities • Leaks at end-wall Cu-SS joint: • #1-5, 9, 12, 15 are OK • #1-4 and #9 RF power tested fine • #6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 16 leak • Some leaks too large even to pump down for leak check • Initial repair attempts at vendor failed • Remains a work-in-progress • #14 over-heated during brazing • Is being re-built • Serious, but not critical path, issues • SC solenoids production ongoing High-power Vector Modulator HINS Room Temperature Cavity

13. HINS Status: SSR1, He Vessel & Tuner • World-record achievement on SSR gradient (33 MV/m) • Latest Development • SSR1 He Vessel Dressing and Tuning Mechanism development He Vessel & Tuner SSR1 VTS Test SSR1 Power Coupler Test

14. HINS Status: Test Cryostat • Unique “world” facility for cryogenic power testing of 325 MHz SC equipment Spoke Cavity Test Cryostat Cryogenic Feed-Box

15. The “Six-Cavity Test” • A realistic outlook includes no cryogenics before summer 2010 for the SC solenoids required immediately downstream of the RFQ in the HINS baseline design • The “six-cavity test”: • A beam line configuration consisting of the first ~6 warm cavities after the RFQ with warm quadrupoles in lieu of SC solenoids • First proposed in summer 2008 as a possibility for an “early” demonstration of RF vector modulator performance with beam • The “six-cavity test” is a “detour” from the baseline HINS design • It addresses only one of the four HINS goals • It may slow the other three; but from past performance, ‘slow’ is relative • Pasquinelli’s participation in the Bilbao ESS Workshop made us aware of the extent to which the international community is watching and awaiting HINS results • It is important to accomplish even one of the HINS goals as early as possible

16. “Six-Cavity Test” Linac upgrade quads Purpose of 6-cavity test is “early” demonstration (pre-cryogenics for SC solenoids) of beam acceleration through multiple vector modulator controlled cavities.

17. HINS Status: “6-Cavity” Beam-Line Cave

18. Plans: Roadmap (without GPS) Beam Instrumentation and Controls Attach ~everywhere LLRF Critical path (People) 2.5 MeV Beam Line Ready Proton Ion Source & LEBT Operational H- Instrum. Test Facility Possible September 2010? RFQ Receive 9/8 Begin power test 9/24 Chopper Prototype pulser/deflector (People, $$, technical) 2.5 MeV Beam !! No earlier than 11/1/09 H- Ion Source & LEBT Source and column ready Need mechanical adaptation to existing LEBT Beam RFQ functionality Six-cavity Test with Beam !! Vector Modulator Demonstration !! Unlikely before May 2010 Buncher Cavities On-hand awaiting RF conditioning Chopper Test Facility 325 MHz Bunch-by-Bunch Chopping Demonstration !! RT-CH Cavities #1-4,conditioned & ready Quad Magnets On loan from Linac/MI RT Section Sol. & Cryos t. 10 MeV Beam !! Solenoidal Focusing Demonstration !! Unlikely before end of 2010 Vector Modulators OK except RFQ Circulator Quad Magnet PS Borrow from Booster? Or Build (6 month lead time)? RT Solenoid PS/Quench Protection Design/prototype in progress Vector Modulator Power Supplies 12 under construction RT-CH Cavities HINS Linac Cave Design, Approval, and Construction power/water infrastructure & interlocks Not likely before March 2010 (Process, Specs & Approval) Linac Cave Cryo Distribution Awaiting specs and design; 9 months fabrication lead time Beam Acceleration by Superconducting Spoke Cavitie(s) Demonstration !! Unlikely before end of 2011 SSR1 Section Solenoids One prototype on hand SSR1 Cryomodule Design Not yet begun in earnest (Design & Process , lead time, challende) SSR1 Cryomodule Fabrication Completion unlikely before Aug ’11 (Design & Process , lead time, challende) SSR1 Cavities Have2 – one in He vessel 2 in India due early 2010 10 more Procured SSR1 Tuners Have prototype 325 MHz Test Cryostat Arrive MDB 10/1 First 325 MHz Superconducting Spoke Cavity Pulsed Power Test Unlikely before early 2010 Test Cryo. Dist. System Installed now 325 MHz Superconducting Spoke Cavity Test Facility Available 2010 for CW and pulsed testing Test Cryostat System Integration Specs & design being developed

19. Plans: FY10 Beam Instrumentation and Controls Attach ~everywhere LLRF Critical path (People) 2.5 MeV Beam Line Ready Proton Ion Source & LEBT Operational H- Instrum. Test Facility Possible September 2010? RFQ Receive 9/8 Begin power test 9/24 Chopper Prototype pulser/deflector (People, $$, technical) 2.5 MeV Beam !! No earlier than 11/1/09 H- Ion Source & LEBT Source and column ready Need mechanical adaptation to existing LEBT Beam RFQ functionality Six-cavity Test with Beam !! Vector Modulator Demonstration !! Unlikely before May 2010 Buncher Cavities On-hand awaiting RF conditioning Chopper Test Facility 325 MHz Bunch-by-Bunch Chopping Demonstration !! RT-CH Cavities #1-4,conditioned & ready Quad Magnets On loan from Linac/MI RT Section Sol. & Cryos t. 10 MeV Beam !! Solenoidal Focusing Demonstration !! Unlikely before end of 2010 Vector Modulators OK except RFQ Circulator Quad Magnet PS Borrow from Booster? Or Build (6 month lead time)? RT Solenoid PS/Quench Protection Design/prototype in progress Vector Modulator Power Supplies 12 under construction RT-CH Cavities HINS Linac Cave Design, Approval, and Construction power/water infrastructure & interlocks Not likely before March 2010 (Process, Specs & Approval) Linac Cave Cryo Distribution Awaiting specs and design; 9 months fabrication lead time Beam Acceleration by Superconducting Spoke Cavitie(s) Demonstration !! Unlikely before end of 2011 SSR1 Section Solenoids One prototype on hand SSR1 Cryomodule Design Not yet begun in earnest (Design & Process , lead time, challende) SSR1 Cryomodule Fabrication Completion unlikely before Aug ’11 (Design & Process , lead time, challende) SSR1 Cavities Have2 – one in He vessel 2 in India due early 2010 10 more Procured SSR1 Tuners Have prototype 325 MHz Test Cryostat Arrive MDB 10/1 First 325 MHz Superconducting Spoke Cavity Pulsed Power Test Unlikely before early 2010 19 Test Cryo. Dist. System Installed now 325 MHz Superconducting Spoke Cavity Test Facility Available 2010 for CW and pulsed testing Test Cryostat System Integration Specs & design being developed

20. Plans: FY10 Resources Needs • Cave construction and “accelerator operational” resources • LLRF and Magnets/IQM Power supplies development and commissioning • Rigging/construction of cave and ancillary supports • Interlocks, Power Feeds & Controls, etc. • Facilities Operations • Operators • Engineering/Designing/Procurement • Eng/Drafting for MEBT design (chopper, dump) • Essential for PrX/HINS to start in earnest Spoke Resonators Cryomodule design (1.8 K?) 20

21. Plans: FY11 Beam Instrumentation and Controls Attach ~everywhere LLRF Critical path (People) 2.5 MeV Beam Line Ready Proton Ion Source & LEBT Operational H- Instrum. Test Facility Possible September 2010? RFQ Receive 9/8 Begin power test 9/24 Chopper Prototype pulser/deflector (People, $$, technical) 2.5 MeV Beam !! No earlier than 11/1/09 H- Ion Source & LEBT Source and column ready Need mechanical adaptation to existing LEBT Beam RFQ functionality Six-cavity Test with Beam !! Vector Modulator Demonstration !! Unlikely before May 2010 Buncher Cavities On-hand awaiting RF conditioning Chopper Test Facility 325 MHz Bunch-by-Bunch Chopping Demonstration !! RT-CH Cavities #1-4,conditioned & ready Quad Magnets On loan from Linac/MI RT Section Sol. & Cryos t. 10 MeV Beam !! Solenoidal Focusing Demonstration !! Unlikely before end of 2010 Vector Modulators OK except RFQ Circulator Quad Magnet PS Borrow from Booster? Or Build (6 month lead time)? RT Solenoid PS/Quench Protection Design/prototype in progress Vector Modulator Power Supplies 12 under construction RT-CH Cavities HINS Linac Cave Design, Approval, and Construction power/water infrastructure & interlocks Not likely before March 2010 (Process, Specs & Approval) Linac Cave Cryo Distribution Awaiting specs and design; 9 months fabrication lead time Beam Acceleration by Superconducting Spoke Cavitie(s) Demonstration !! Unlikely before end of 2011 SSR1 Section Solenoids One prototype on hand SSR1 Cryomodule Design Not yet begun in earnest (Design & Process , lead time, challende) SSR1 Cryomodule Fabrication Completion unlikely before Aug ’11 (Design & Process , lead time, challende) SSR1 Cavities Have2 – one in He vessel 2 in India due early 2010 10 more Procured SSR1 Tuners Have prototype 325 MHz Test Cryostat Arrive MDB 10/1 First 325 MHz Superconducting Spoke Cavity Pulsed Power Test Unlikely before early 2010 Test Cryo. Dist. System Installed now 325 MHz Superconducting Spoke Cavity Test Facility Available 2010 for CW and pulsed testing Test Cryostat System Integration Specs & design being developed

22. Plans: FY11 • Cave completion to full extension (20 MeV) • Mechanical Engineering & Drafting • Beamline elements design and assembly to 10 MeV • Cryogenic Distribution in Beam Cave • Facilities Operations • Operators • SSR1 Cryomodule Assembly • “TD” CM assembly resources (Mech. Eng., DD)

23. Plans: HINS Priorities in FY10-13 • “Primary” Priorities - To pursue in FY10 • 6 cavities test with beam • Chopper Test Facility • H- Instrumentation Facility • 325 MHz SC Spoke Cavity test facility • “Secondary” Priorities – To pursue beyond FY10 • 10 MeV Beam test (RT cavities + SC Focusing) • Completion of SSR1 Cryomodule Design and Construction • 20 MeV Beam test (SSR1 Cryomodule)

24. HINS Burdened Manpower Costs 3.8M$ in FY08, headed for ~5M$ in FY09 (~37 FTEs) Includes AD, APC and TD

25. AD/APC - People Reporting and FTEs • Number of persons reporting HINS effort has grown since June 2008 • Average commitment is typically 30% • For March 2009: • - 23 of 78 people (28%) report ≤10% of their total time to HINS accounting for only 3% of HINS effort • - only 11 of 78 (14%) report >50% of their total time to HINS accounting for 38% of HINS effort • 5 of 78 individuals at > 75% account for 20% of the effort TD Effort Not Included

26. OHAP Inputs - Dec ‘08

27. OHAP – FY09 Actuals

28. OHAP – FY09 Actuals Comments & Lessons • Observations: • Total FY09 manpower close to estimate, but large deficits (9.7 FTEs) in Electrical Engineering (AD), Designers and Mech. Techs (AD). • “Excess” manpower showed up in Scientists, Electrical Techs (AD), Operators and Other Technical (TD QA) • Interpretation: • Techs, QA and Operators were underestimated. • Shortage of EE widely publicized during FY09 clearly manifest, probably partially compensated by Scientists “excess” • FY10 and beyond: • Maintain “old estimate” with the addition of EE not obtained in FY09 • Underestimated categories will be supplemented • Designer/Tech/Engineer ratio corrected to FY09 actuals

29. OHAP – FY10 & beyond estimates • “Insider” knowledge: • HINS TD resources at ~80% of FY09 due to higher priority approved projects. • Several Drafter, Tech and EE Contractors (AD). • Some Drafter and Mech Eng. Contractors (TD)

30. Where do we see SWF shortcomings in FY10 ? • (AD) Electrical Engineering • LLRF Controls and Developments • Magnet and IQM Power Supplies • (AD) Beamline Cave/Beamline Equipment Assembly • Mechanical Engineering and Drafting for cave and components • Mechanical, vacuum and electronic techs. • (AD) Cryogenic Beamline Design • Cryogenics delivery system and components • (AD/APC) HINS Operations • (TD) SSR Cryomodule and MEBT Design