“Negotiating” Peace

1. “Negotiating” Peace The End of World War I and the Treaty of Versailles

3. Post-war issues What post-war issues do you think need to be dealt with?

4. Paris Peace Conference • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yq_yvWXfc_s

5. Paris Peace Conference – Key People Woodrow Wilson (USA) He wanted to restore peace to the world 14 Points

6. Wilson’s 14 Points Read 14 Points and underline key words for EACH point

7. Paris Peace Conference – Key People Georges Clemenceau (France) He wanted REVENGE!

8. Paris Peace Conference – Key People David Lloyd-George Great Britain He wanted to make Germany pay (but not cripple them)!

9. Paris Peace Conference – Key People Vittorio Orlando – Italy He was just…there. He didn’t get what he wanted, so he left early

11. Post-War Issue #1 • Debt – Britain & France were once wealthy, but were in very deep debt after the war

12. Treaty Settlement • Reparations – Payment for damages from the war • Germany and the other Central Powers were held responsible for all financial losses

13. Post-War Issue # 2 • Military Threats and Disputes – Many Europeans were afraid of the possibility of another great war

14. Treaty Settlement • Reduction in German Military – Germany was forced to greatly reduce the size of its army and navy • League of Nations – The international group was created to help prevent future conflicts and wars between countries, based on ideas of: • Collective Security – nations act together to preserve pease (all for peace, none for war)

15. League of Nations

16. Post-War Issue # 3 • Territorial Disputes – Many regions in Europe and around the world were in a state of political turmoil as a result of collapsing empire • German Empire • Ottoman Empire • Russian Empire • Austro-Hungarian Empire

17. Treaty Settlement • Re-Writing the Map of Europe – As a result of collapsing Empires, many new countries needed to be created

18. Self-determination – Some countries, like Poland, were allowed to choose their own type of government. • Most regions, like colonies in Africa, Asia, Middle East, were still controlled by powerful European nations. • “Big Four” (France, England, US, Italy) redrew the lines of Europe, including parts of Germany & Russia

19. Post-War Issue # 4 • Blame – Many Europeans were bitter about the death and destruction of WWI and wanted to place blame

20. Treaty Settlement • “Blame Clause” – Germany was forced to admit that it was solely responsible for the horrors of the war • German leaders blamed – Many Germans wrongly blamed new government leaders for the harsh terms of the Treaty and saw them as backstabbing Germany

22. Opposition to the Treaty • Wilson can’t sign a treaty. Only CONGRESS can! • Many US lawmakers felt treaty was too harsh • Reparations would pull down European nations & injure the US • Considered a sellout to imperialism

23. Debate over the League of Nations • US wanted to remain isolationist • LON might tie us up into foreign countries

24. Wilson Won’t Compromise • Ignored Republican majority of Congress • Tours country to convince public to support the Treaty. • He has a stroke and is totally incapacitated • Treaty comes up for a vote in Congress • Senate never passes the treaty • US signs separate treaty with Germany in 1921 • We never join the League of Nation

25. Domestic Consequences • US became world’s leading industrial power • Movement of African Americans FROM the South TO the North • Less tolerance for immigrants and political radicals (Anarchists, Socialists, & Communists) • Brought over 1 million women into the workforce

26. Assignment • The outbreak of WWI was solely the fault of Germany and its aggressive intentions (being the first to attack France) • Agree or disagree with this statement in one paragraph