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Social Integration

Social Integration. Recognition Process Mechanisms Male-female integration Parent-offspring integration Group integration. Meerkat. Recognition Process. Sender provides information Receiver perceives signal above background

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Social Integration

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  1. Social Integration • Recognition • Process • Mechanisms • Male-female integration • Parent-offspring integration • Group integration

  2. Meerkat

  3. Recognition Process • Sender provides information • Receiver perceives signal above background • Receiver compares information in signal to a model of target stored in memory • Receiver decides whether sender is target or not • Receiver takes action in response to target • Feed offspring or not • Flee from predator or not

  4. Limits on repertoire size

  5. Recognition issues • Difficulty of discrimination task depends on the number of classes that must be distinguished • Number of classes depends on identification level, i.e. sex, species, group, or individual • Recognition is never perfect • Sender and receiver need not agree on amount of information to transfer

  6. Recognition mechanisms • Spatial location • e.g. treat offspring in nest as own • Familiarity • Individual level recognition requires learned familiarity and requires complex signature signals • Phenotype matching • Ability to assign stimuli to classes of relatedness relative to the receiver • Referent can be a known relative or oneself • Allele matching • Requires hypervariable locus with olfactory signal

  7. Neighbor-stranger discrimination provides an example of recognition by spatial location • Neighbor’s song ignored when broadcast from proper territory • Aggressive response when neighbor’s song broadcast from different territory • Rule of thumb: recognize neighbor when in own territory, treat all other songs as if from floaters

  8. Vocal signatures

  9. Kin recognition in salamanders

  10. Multiple Histocompatibility Complex • MHC is involved in cell-cell recognition • Many loci exhibit high levels of heterozygosity with many alleles • Permits kin recognition in many vertebrates • = Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) on chr 6

  11. Mice and humans prefer alternate MHC

  12. Male-female integration • Species recognition • Can be hard-wired since only one signal variant needs to be recognized • Chemoreceptor sensitivity in some male moths • Color sensitive eyes of some fish and butterflies • Frequency sensitivity of some frogs • Parental care permits imprinting • Coordination of reproduction • Female reproduction often needs stimulation by a species-specific male signal and vice versa • Provides opportunity for male exploitation

  13. Copulation synchronization

  14. Pairbond behaviors

  15. Triumph ceremony in Greylag geese Males use ritualized display to chase away competitors and then both sexes display together

  16. Carolina wren Duets Found in Monogamous species In dense vegetation Keeps pair together Minimizes extra pair cops Advertises territory Rufous and white wren Buff-breasted wren

  17. Pheromone delivery in salamanders Chin rubbing on female nares by male plethodon Pheromone wafting by male newt Chin rubbing on female back by male desmognathus Forced copulation by male euproctis

  18. Parent-offspring recognition • Parental investment includes time and energy devoted to offspring that increase offspring survival while decreasing parental survival and/or ability to reproduce • Predict recognition accuracy should by high • Can select for signal complexity or enhanced receiver discrimination or both

  19. Pup recognition in Mexican free-tailed bats

  20. Isolation call measurements

  21. Call complexity and colony size Log colony size

  22. Isolation calls are heritable

  23. Parent-offspring conflict

  24. Group integration • Social groups permit cooperation, but require mechanisms for recognition • Group recognition • Appeasement • Coordination of group movements • Worker organization in social insects

  25. Group recognition vocalizations • Vervet monkeys • Bottlenose dolphins • Killer whales • Parrots

  26. Groups have distinct calls

  27. Females learn to match calls Group 1 Group 2 Before 5 months after move

  28. Appeasement signals

  29. Group cohesion calls Squirrel monkey Golden lion tamarin Pinyon jay

  30. Coordination of group movement

  31. Bee dances signal hive choice Swarming distance covaries with dialect

  32. Isoptera - all termites

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