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WELCOME

WELCOME. Causes and Prevention of illness related to food. By Nisar Khan PRN:2013-013 Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University Islamabd Pakistan. Objectives. At the end of the presentation students will be able to: Define disadvantage / discriminative groups.

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WELCOME

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  1. WELCOME

  2. Causes and Prevention of illness related to food By Nisar Khan PRN:2013-013 Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University Islamabd Pakistan

  3. Objectives • At the end of the presentation students will be able to: • Define disadvantage / discriminative groups. • Explore issues of food among disadvantage / discriminative groups. • Identify prevention of illness related to food among disadvantage / discriminative groups.

  4. Please, must watch this video.

  5. What is disadvantage/ discriminative groups?

  6. disadvantaged groups socially disadvantaged physiologically disadvantaged naturally disadvantaged People: As unemployed, minorities, university students from poor families, poor single-parent families, poor families with members serving prison terms and teenagers and minors who have committed crimes and are prone to committing crimes people with disabilities, old aged, women and children. those who live in poverty mainly due to out-of-the-way geographical locations, harsh environment, dearth of natural resources or natural disasters.

  7. What People Eat • In each culture there are both: • Acceptable Foods and • Unacceptable foods.

  8. Poverty, food and illness • Lower socio-economic groups also experience more sickness and ill health throughout the life cycle. Poor children more likely to be born with low birth weight. • Poor children more likely to suffer from a range of health problems including obesity, cerebral Palsy, hearing and visual impairment, accidents and higher rates of tooth decay. • Poor mothers are more likely to suffer complications in pregnancy or childbirth.

  9. Literature • Pakistan is in the middle of epidemiological transition where almost 40 percent of total burden of disease (BOD) is accounted for by infectious/communicable diseases. These include diarrheal diseases, acute respiratory infections, malaria, tuberculosis, hepatitis B&C, and immunisable childhood diseases. Another 12 percent is due to reproductive health problems. Nutritional deficiencies particularly iron deficiency anemia, Vitamin-A deficiency, iodine deficiency disorders account for further 6 percent of the total BOD. Non-communicable diseases (NCD), caused by sedentary life styles, environmental pollution, unhealthy dietary habits, smoking etc. including cardio vascular diseases, cerebro-vascular accidents (hemiplegia), diabetes and cancers account for almost 10 percent of the BOD in Pakistan. [MTDF (2005–10)].

  10. Nomadism, Mortality and Morbidity. • Malnutrition • Poor dental health. • Increased susceptibility to tetanus, polio, TB, whooping cough M, M, R, Diphtheria. • Low birth weight. • High rates of infant mortality, miscarriage • High rates of cardiovascular disease particularly among men.

  11. Cultural Influences Influences on Food Choices in disadvantage groups Political Influences Economic Influences

  12. Cultural Influences • A cultural group provides guidelines regarding acceptable foods, food combinations, eating patterns, and eating behaviors. Compliance with these guidelines creates a sense of identity and belonging for the individual.

  13. Economic Influences • Money, values, and consumer skills all affect what a person purchases. The price of a food, however, is not an indicator of its nutritional value. Cost is a complex combination of a food's availability, status, and demand.

  14. Political Influences • Political factors also influence food availability and trends. Food laws and trade agreements affect what is available within and across countries, and also affect food prices. Food labeling laws determine what consumers know about the food they purchase. • Eating habits are thus the result of both external factors, such as politics, and internal factors, such as values.

  15. The economics of food choice • The relationship between low socio-economic status and poor health is complicated and is influenced by gender, age, culture, environment, social and community networks, individual lifestyle factors and health behaviours.

  16. Cont… • Population studies show there are clear differences in social classes with regard to food and nutrient intakes. Low-income groups in particular, have a greater tendency to consume unbalanced diets and have low intakes of fruit and vegetables.

  17. Prevention • Education (awareness)

  18. References • Acheson D (1998) Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health. The Stationery Office, London • http://www.faqs.org/nutrition/Diab-Em/Eating-Habits.html#b#ixzz2RezoCrbS • De Irala-Estevez J, Groth M, Johansson L, Oltersdorf U, Prattala R & Martinez-Gonzalez MA (2000) A systematic review of socioeconomic differences in food habits in Europe: consumption of fruit and vegetables. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 54: 706-714.

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