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Debate One . Educational curricula and techniques geared towards education penalizes the average learner. Definition .
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Debate One Educational curricula and techniques geared towards education penalizes the average learner.
Definition • We define inclusive education as a classroom which includes students from all backgrounds with disabilities ranging from mild to severe to gifted to physically- and mentally-challenged and in need of constant supervision.
Safety • Student attitudes towards integrating with kids with disabilities • Parent attitude towards integrating with kids with disabilities • Safety?
Teacher Support • Childre, Sands, and Pope (2009): • More time spent on explicit instruction • Differentiated Instruction (Salend, 2008): • Multi-leveled teaching • Tiered assignments • HALO Technique taught at UCF • Teaching Written & Spoken Language (EEX 6107) • Plan for “High, Average, Low, Other” Source: Salend, S.J. (2008). Creating inclusive classrooms (6thed). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education. Childre, A., Sands, J., & Pope, S. (2009). Designing challenging curriculum: Backward design. Teaching Exceptional Children, 41(5), 6-14.
Financial Cost • “Cost of Inclusion Article”
Meta-Analysis “The effects are, at best weak.” (Lindsay, 2003). Source: Baker, E. T., & And Others. (1995). The Effects of Inclusion on Learning. Educational Leadership, 52(4), 33-35. Lindsay, G. (2003). Inclusive Education: a critical perspective. British Journal of Special Education, 30(1), 3-9.
(Rebutal for Teacher Support) One Peer versus Two PeersInclusion with a paraprofessional (para) 1. increases dependence on para and decreases the peer socialization 2. creates a stigma with the student with disabilities (SWD)3. decreases contact between reg. ed teacher and SWDSolution – use peers!! Classrooms are using one. Try using two.Peers are taught to be paras. They are taught 1. to adapt materials for SWD and use IEP goals for instruction2. to implement Behavior Intervention Plans3. to provide feedback to SWDStudy shows SWD used materials similar to that of peers and engaged with curricula more and more consistently when using 2 peers vs 1. SWD also engaged with peers more.Carter, E.W., Cushing, L.S., Clark, N.M., Kennedy, C.H. (2005). Effects of peer support interventions on students' access to the general curriculum and social interactions. Research & Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities,30(1), 15-25.