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Cell Structure And Function

Cell Structure And Function. Cell: the smallest unit of life. Discovery of Cells. 1665- Robert Hooke was the first to identify and name cells. 1674- Anton van Leeuwenhoek made better lenses and observed cells in greater detail. 1838- Mathias Schleiden noted that plants are made of cells

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Cell Structure And Function

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  1. CellStructure And Function

  2. Cell: the smallest unit of life

  3. Discovery of Cells • 1665- Robert Hooke was the first to identify and name cells. • 1674- Anton van Leeuwenhoek made better lenses and observed cells in greater detail. • 1838- Mathias Schleiden noted that plants are made of cells • 1839- Theodor Schwann concluded that all living things are made of cells • 1855- Rudolf Virchow proposed that all cells come from other cells

  4. Cell Theory All organisms are made of cells All existing cells are produced by other living cells. The cell is the most basic unit of life.

  5. Prokaryotic cells • Simple cells • No nucleus • Ex: bacteria Staphylococcus aureus

  6. Prokaryotic Cell

  7. Enterococcus faecalis Bacteria E Coli Bacteria

  8. Eukaryotic Cells • More complex • Have a true nucleus • Make up all living cells other than bacteria

  9. Eukaryotic Cell

  10. Nervecell Hair Cell Fingernail Nerve Cell White and Red Blood Cells

  11. Similarities and differences between the Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

  12. Cell Movement Cells use three different methods to move themselves or debris

  13. Flagella: long hairlike filaments used by some prokaryotes to move

  14. Flagellum

  15. Cilia: short hairlike projections that some cells use for movement

  16. Pseudopod: false foot

  17. Picture Quiz • Identify the cells as prokaryotic or eukaryotic.

  18. Eukaryotic- Mushroom Cell

  19. Eukaryotic- Red blood cells

  20. Prokaryotic- Lactobacilli bacteria

  21. Eukaryotic- fish egg cell

  22. Prokaryotic- MRSA

  23. Prokaryotic- Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria

  24. Eukaryotic- Fern leaf cell

  25. Eukaryotic- taste bud cell

  26. Eukaryotic- Osteocyte (bone cell)

  27. Eukaryotic- cartilage cells

  28. Cell Organelles • Specialized cell parts that carry out many different processes and functions.

  29. Cell membrane • Barrier around the cell that controls what goes in and out • Security Guard

  30. Nucleus Nuclear Membrane Separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell • Controls most of the cell’s processes • Stores DNA • Control center or ‘brain’

  31. Nucleolus • Darker portion inside the nucleus that produces ribosomes

  32. Cytoplasm (cytosol) • Jelly-like fluid inside the cell where metabolic processes occur

  33. Ribosome • Small organelles that float in the cytoplasm or on the ER that build proteins • Cell workers

  34. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Produces and transports materials such as proteins • Assembly line

  35. Golgi Apparatus (Golgi body) • Packages and distributes proteins and lipids • Shipping and handling department

  36. Lysosome • Stores enzymes and removes worn-out organelles. Mainly in animal cells. • Waste disposal unit

  37. Mitochondria • Provides energy for the cell • Powerhouse or powerplant

  38. Cytoskeleton • Thin protein fibers that helps keep the cell’s shape

  39. Centrioles • Only found in animal cells that are important for cell division

  40. Cell wall • Found only in plant and fungus cells. • Provides extra shape, support and protection.

  41. Chloroplast • Found only in plant cell. They contain chlorophyll used for photosynthesis

  42. Vacuole • Stores water, salts, and wastes. Plants have larger ones • Storage unit

  43. Differences Between Plant and Animal Cells

  44. Cellular Differentiation • 250 different kinds of cells in the human body • Through cellular differentiation, different types of cells are created to carry out specific tasks or functions. • In animals the “starter” cells that differentiate are called stem cells • In plants those cells are called meristematic cells

  45. Cellular Organization Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organisms

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