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Organic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry. Chemistry involving compounds that involve primarily C, H, O. Formulas or Formulae. Molecular Empirical Structural Condensed Struc. Form. “R” (CH 2 ) x. Structural (or Constitutional) Isomers . What are they? Given a formula, draw some

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Organic Chemistry

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  1. Organic Chemistry Chemistry involving compounds that involve primarily C, H, O

  2. Formulas or Formulae • Molecular • Empirical • Structural • Condensed Struc. Form. • “R” • (CH2)x

  3. Structural (or Constitutional) Isomers • What are they? • Given a formula, draw some • Given struc. formulae, identify them

  4. IUPAC Naming • # of C • Meth, eth, prop, but, pent, hex, hept, oct, non, dec • Numbering carbons • Longest chain of C • From end with first branching

  5. Functional groups • Group of atoms bonded together that result in similar properties • Alcohols • Aldehyde • Ketone • Carboxylic Acids • Halides • Amine (ID w/ in struc only) Prim sec & tertiary • Benzene (ID w/ in struc only) • Ester (ID w/ in struc only)

  6. Func. & naming • Group of atoms bonded together that result in similar properties • Alcohols (hydroxyl) Name ends in -ol • Aldehyde -al • Ketone -one • Carboxylic Acids -oic acid • Halides name starts with … • Amine (ID w/ in struc only) Prim sec & tertiary • Benzene (ID w/ in struc only) • Ester (ID w/ in struc only)

  7. Writing struc. form. w/ func. grp. • What is a possible struc form for a molecule with… • Ketone C4H8O • Aldehyde C6H12O • Carboxylic acid C5H10O2 • Halide C2H5Cl

  8. Other isomers • Cis-trans

  9. Objectives • Distinguish between Empirical, Molecular and Structural formulas • structural formula shows unambiguously how the atoms are arranged together • a condensed structural formula can omit bonds between atoms and can show identical groups bracketed together. use of symbols like “R” and a benzene ring can be shown in condensed formulas (skeletal formulas will not be excepted) • Describe structural isomers as compounds with the same molecular formula but with different arrangements of atoms (stereoisomerism not required) • Deduce structural formulas for the isomers of non-cyclic alkanes up to C6 (both straight and branched chain isomers)  • Apply IUPAC rules for the non-cyclic alkanes up to C6 • Deduce structural formulas for the isomers of the straight-chained alkenes up to C6

  10. Objectives • Apply IUPAC rules for naming the isomers of the straight-chain alkenes (distinction between cis and trans not required) • Deduce structural formulas for compounds containing up to 6 C atoms with one of the following functional groups: Alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, and halide • Identify the following functional groups when present in structural formulas: Amino or amine (NH2), benzene (the ring), and esters (RCOOC) • Identify primary, secondary, and tertiary carbon atoms in alcohols and holgenalkanes (the terms prime., sec., and tert. can also be applied to the molecules containing these carbon atoms • Discuss the volatility and solubility in water of compounds containing the following functional groups: Alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, and halide

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