Development part 2 Stress

1. Development part 2Stress 9.00 Intro Psych T.Konkle 3 May 2007 • Feedback: • is there anything you’d like to me to change / add/ cover in the next two weeks? any comments about section in general. • is there anything you’re unclear about, regarding grades / course policy / extra credit / etc ?

2. Announcements • Paper 3 • due Friday May 4th • drop off a paper copy outside my office (on time or else I wont get it!) • office: 46-4078 • if you *have to* you can email it to me, but grr • can turn it in on thursday section too… • Calendar next week: class tues, thurs, section next next week: class tues, last day thurs

3. Agenda development of adults methods life stages stress what kinds are there what does it do to your body what can you do to help it?

4. Adult development • Response to gains or losses depends on age • STANFORD, Calif., April 30: A U.S. study finds older adults have an asymmetric neural response to monetary gains and losses compared to the responses by adults aged 19-27 years.Gregory Larkin and colleagues at Stanford University found adults older than 65 years have a lower response to losses but not gains, compared with the younger group.While being scanned by functional magnetic resonance imaging both study groups had to respond to a cue either to get a monetary reward or to avoid a loss. On each trial, both groups also rated their positive or negative arousal at the prospect of a potential gain or loss.The authors found while both the young and older adults had similar positive arousal at the prospect of an impending gain, the older group had less negative arousal to anticipated losses.The findings, appearing in the June issue of the journal Nature Neuroscience, suggest older and younger adults might weigh gains and losses differently when making decisions. How do you explain this? http://www.newkerala.com/news.php?action=fullnews&id=24377

5. Socio-economic theory • older people pay more attention to positive things, compared to young people. older people are happier by self report The aging brain: • what’s the dominant trend in how the brain works as you age? • is this evidence of compensation or decline? how do we know this?

6. Development methods longitudinal cross-sectional pros within subject comparison faster to do same current context practice effects takes a long time to do the study cons people have different experiences, hard to equate them

7. Erikson’s life stages • InfantTrust vs Mistrust – Develop trust that the world is good or not • ToddlerAutonomy vs Shame and Doubt – Develop independence • PreschoolerInitiative vs Guilt – Sense of purpose and direction • School-Age ChildIndustry vs Inferiority – Sense of competence • AdolescentIdentity vs Role Confusion – Grapple with identity questions • Young AdultIntimacy vs Isolation – develops peer and intimacy relations • Middle-Age AdultGenerativity vs Stagnation – Determining what to leave behind for future generations, finding meaning in life • Older AdultIntegrity vs Despair - Reviews life accomplishments, deals with lossand preparation for death mid life crisis?

8. http://youtube.com/watch?v=aaycLWgMX5w

9. what kinds of stress are there acute chronic physical psychological

10. what does psychological stress do to your body?

11. If you are stressed:will these help?

12. a stress ball?

13. aggression hostility

14. planning out your assigments so you know what you have to do next

15. writing in a diary

16. going to the beach

17. meditation

18. watching a comedy

19. hanging out with some friends

20. thinking about your stressors in a different way

21. what happens to the brain under stress?

22. can stress make your hair go white?

23. Q. Can Your Hair Turn White from Fright or Turn Gray Overnight? • From Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.,Your Guide to Chemistry. • A. You've heard tales of extreme fright or stress turning a person's hair suddenly gray or white overnight, but can it really happen? History records that the hair of some condemned prisoners [e.g., Thomas More (1535) and Marie Antoinette (1793)] turned white overnight before their executions. However, I am unaware of any modern reports of this happening. It's documented your apparent natural haircolor can change over the course of several weeks/months from conditions that affect your hormones (such as pregnancy) or from taking certain medications (like chemotherapy), but can you go gray overnight? Let's look at the chemistry of hair to answer the question. Hair is a protein that gets its natural color from the presence of a pigment called melanin. Anyone who has bleached their hair can tell you it's chemically possible to render the melanin colorless. http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryfaqs/f/whiteovernight.htm

24. Therefore if your sudden fright has something to do with exposure to ionizing radiation or bleach, I can see white hair being a possible outcome, though less likely than baldness or death. Seriously, unless you are playing with toxic radiation or chemicals, you can't instantly change your hair color. Can fear or stress or any extraordinary emotion change the color of your hair? Yes, but not instantly. Your psychological state has a significant impact on the hormones that can effect the amount of melanin deposited in each strand of hair, but the effect of emotion takes a long time to see. The hair you see on your head emerged from its follicle a long time ago. So, graying or any other color change is a gradual process, occurring over the course of several weeks, months, or years. http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryfaqs/f/whiteovernight.htm

25. Your emotions can't instantly change the color of your hair, but it is possible you could turn gray overnight. How? A medical condition termed "diffuse alopecia areata" can result in sudden hair loss. The biochemistry of alopecia isn't well understood, but in people who have a mix of dark and gray or white hair, the uncolored hair is less likely to fall out. The result? A person can appear to go gray overnight. Although I didn't find any references on this, the implication to me is your hair thins or you become bald if you don't have any gray hair, which for some reason is less resistant to the effect. Sudden hair loss can be caused by certain drugs, medical conditions, or by sudden stress. It tends to occur over the course of several days/weeks, but the result is still dramatic. http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryfaqs/f/whiteovernight.htm

28. 1992

29. Discussion: Belief matters • result: believing you’re in control of shocks, even if you aren’t, reduces stress • result: believing a drug will work, even if it doesn’t, improves healing • result: believing life is getting better, even if you don’t know if it will or not, reduces stress • result: believing a situation is a learning opportunity, rather than a harmful thing, will reduce stress Question: Can you make yourself believe something, or do you have to be told it by some one else?

32. Attachment • Why attachment? • What stimuli cause attachments? • Learned or innate?

33. Ainsworth’s Attachment types Video

34. Ainsworth’s Attachment types • Secure attachment (60-70%) • Upset when caregiver leaves, but recovers quickly upon return • Avoidant attachment (10-15%) • Don’t really care if caregiver is gone. • Resistant (10-15%) • Stays close to mother. Becomes upset if mother leaves, gets angry. Do not recover easily • Disorganized/disoriented (5-10%) • Depressed or unresponsive, spurts of sudden emotion after procedure.

35. Factors that affect attachment type • Biological: Drug use, genetics • Parenting style: Maternal responsiveness • Socioeconomic status

36. Are adult relationships the same? • What serves as attachment figures in adult relationships? • In peer relationships, what would secure and insecure relationships look like?

37. Infant attachment vs. Adult attachment (Hazan and Shaver 1987) • both feel safe when the other is nearby and responsive • both engage in close, intimate, bodily contact • both feel insecure when the other is inaccessible • both share discoveries with one another • both play with one another's facial features and exhibit a mutual fascination and preoccupation with one another • both engage in "baby talk"

38. Adult attachment Secure. Comforable depending on others and having others depend on me. Don’t worry about being alone or having others not accept me. Dismissing. I am comfortable without close emotional relationships. It is very important to me to feel independent and self-sufficient, and I prefer not to depend on others or have others depend on me. Preoccupied. I want to be completely emotionally intimate with others, but I often find that others are reluctant to get as close as I would like. I am uncomfortable being without close relationships, but I sometimes worry that others don't value me as much as I value them. Fearful. I am uncomfortable getting close to others. I want emotionally close relationships, but I find it difficult to trust others completely, or to depend on them. I worry that I will be hurt if I allow myself to become too close to others.

39. How do you assess adult attachment? • http://www.web-research-design.net/cgi-bin/crq/crq.pl • Adult version of “Strange situtation?

40. Infant-Adult connection • Moderate correlation between infant and adult attachment styles.