Westward Expansion

1. Westward Expansion Chapter 6 Section 3 : Jefferson Alters the Nation’s Course Chapter 9 Section 3 - Expansion in Texas Chapter 9 Section 4 – The War With Mexico

2. Thomas Jefferson & the Louisiana Purchase Chapter 6 Section 3 : Jefferson Alters the Nation’s Course

3. Thomas Jefferson • Elected (3rd) President 1800 • Social Perspective: • Admired farmers • Hard working, independent, honest • “virtuous” people

4. Jefferson & Territorial Expansion • In 1800, Napoleon (France) • Acquired Louisiana Territory From Spain • Jefferson became interested in this territory

5. Jefferson & Territorial Expansion • T. Jefferson offered French $10 million • For New Orleans & land connected to Florida !!

6. Louisiana Purchase, 1803 • Negotiations • Napoleon asked for: • $15 MILLION OR .03 cents and acre • For New Orleans, and ENTIRE Louisiana Territory! • $3.12 an acre modern currency !

7. The Size of U.S. DOUBLED Overnight!

8. The Louisiana Purchase • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sMh8RCqJf9U

9. LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITIONS 1804-1806 • Jefferson’s plan: • Sent Meriwether Lewis & William Clark • 1. To explore territory • 2. Find a route to the Pacific Ocean

10. The Lewis & Clark Expedition, 1804-1806 • Began in: St. Louis Missouri • Ended in: Oregon Coast • Wrote “Journals” • Field notes (Accounts w/ various Native American Tribes) • Sketches (animals, plants, people, geography) • Drew Maps

11. The Real Sacagawea/ Explorer Style • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PnT0k9wdDZo • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NB1GQRVG9Fc

12. SIGNIFICANCE of Lewis & Clark • 1. educated Americans about land “out west” • 2. Warned about hardships future settlers would face (rough terrain, weather, native Americans) • 3. Found a route which led to Pacific Ocean

13. James Polk & The Mexican- American War 1846-1848 Chapter 9 Section 3 - Expansion in Texas

14. West Ward Expansion 1800’s

15. Background Info: • Mexico gained independence from Spain 1821 • most of Latin America was under Spanish control 1521-1821

16. Most of the Southwest • Including Texas • Was Spanish territory (until 1821) • Became Mexican Territory after 1821

17. From Spanish to Mexican Lands • Example: San Gabriel Mission was founded 1771 by Spanish Priests • El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora del Rio de Porciuncula de Los Angeles was founded 1781

18. For Fun!

19. The Mexican State of Coahuila-Texas • Spanish-Mexican population TEJANOS

20. The Mexican Government • Originally welcomed American settlers in Texas… • Offered land to American settlers for a few cents an acre • were given 3 CONDITIONS

21. The Mexican Government • Asked that all “American” settlers: • 1. Learn Spanish • 2. Convert to Catholicism • 3. Become Mexican citizens

22. Stephen F. Austin • Mexican Government allowed him & group to settle in Texas, 1823

23. Stephen Austin Started A Colony • in central Texas in 1823 with… • 300 original American Settlers • By 1824 : 2,000 American settlers • By 1835: 30,000!!!

24. Tensions Between Groups • 1. Americans did not adhere to Mexican laws • 2. Americans outnumbered Mexican population Ex: By 1830, Texas had: • 20,000 white settlers • 1,000-5,000 African slaves • 6,000 Mexicans

25. Tensions Between Groups… • Mexican Government forbade slavery and the importation of slaves into Texas • Slavery was against the law in Mexico

26. The Mexican Government • 1. Forbade further immigration of American settlers into Texas in 1830! • 2. Banned slavery • 3. Demanded all Americans convert to Catholicism

27. Friction Intensified… • 1832-1833 Americans started to demand a state of their own. • General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna became dictator of Mexico 1834

28. “American” Texans Rebelled in 1835!! • Santa Anna ordered all Americans EXPELLED • And Arrested rebels

29. Siege at The Alamo - 1836 • 189-200 Texan-American troops, townspeople stationed at the adobe structure • Siege lasted 13 days • Mexican army asked them to surrender • Americans fired a cannon shot…

30. Mexican Army Charged! • Americans outnumbered • Santa Anna’s men attacked from every side • He ordered wounded Americans to be put to death

31. The Alamo Disastrous for Texan- Americans • 16 survivors : women, children, servants • Victory for Mexico • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6n2CUCDATi8 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vAMZQlAQAyQ • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9dxGZhv4u8Y&list=PLATw7uLIPbt94_N_ft_0bOLhuo-KPR3Ep

32. Sam Houston Sought Revenge • Surprised Mexican troops in 1836 with his own army • Americans yelled: • “Remember the Alamo!!” as they charged…

33. General Santa Anna • Was captured! • 1. Forced to sign treaty which recognized Independence of Texas • 2. AND the Rio Grande as boundary

34. Lone Star Republic • Established, 1836 • Free, independent “country” • NOT A PART OF THE U.S., AND NOT A PART OF MEXICO !!

35. Sam Houston, President of The Lone Star Republic • Legalized slavery • THEN Voted for annexation to the United States • Was admitted to the U.S. in 1845

36. James Polk & The Mexican- American War 1846-1848 Chapter 9 Section 4 – The War With Mexico

37. James Polk became President of U.S in 1844 • Goals: to acquire… • 1. Texas (formally) • 2. Oregon territory • 3. and California. • Accomplished all

38. American Response towards Westward Expansion • John O’ Sullivan- • Journalist/Newspaper editor • Coined term “Manifest Destiny” 1845

40. John O’Sullivan Quote: • “Our manifest destiny to overspread and to possess the whole of the continent which providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federated self-government entrusted to us”

41. Manifest Destiny is the Belief that… • “ It was God’s will that the United States expand from sea to shining sea and all points in between”

42. 2 Days after Polk Took Office… • March 1845 • Mexico broke off relations with U.S. • Mexico protested American annexation of Texas

43. Polk Sent Congressman John Slidell to Mexico • 1. To inform Mexico that U.S. wanted to purchase California & New Mexico for $25 million • 2. Mexican officials refused to receive Slidell (were insulted)

44. Border Dispute • Mexican officials insisted BORDER with U.S. was located at NUECES RIVER • U.S. insisted border was located at RIO GRANDE RIVER

45. Meanwhile, President Polk • Sent General Zachary Taylor to disputed region with troops • U.S. built a military fort in disputed territory

46. Mexican- American War, 1846-1848 • Mexican troops attacked American men for “trespassing”, April 25th 1846 • U.S. declared war on Mexico • Official cause: border dispute

47. The War and Its Critics • Although the majority of Americans supported the war, a vocal minority feared the only aim of the war was to acquire new land for the expansion of slavery. • Abraham Lincoln questioned Polk's right to declare war.

48. The Mexican American War • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HjUEBDOOSDM • 1. Did this film clip help you to gain a better understanding of the causes of the War with Mexico?

49. Combat took place on three fronts • 1. California and the "bear flag republic" • 2. General Stephen Kearney and Santa Fe • 3. Winfield Scott and central Mexico • 60,000 American volunteers enlisted

50. Bear Flag Revolt (California), 1846 • June, 1846 • A group of American settlers rebelled against the Mexican Government • Proclaimed California an “independent republic” – The Bear Flag Republic • John C. Freemont declared “ruler”