Sustainability at Western Harbor Malmö, Sweden

1. Sustainability at Western HarborMalmö, Sweden October 11, 2006

4. The Neighborhood • Total area of 85,000 m2, or about 21 acres. • Mixed use development - will provide facilities for 30,000 people working, living and studying in a mixed use area with housing, retail, offices and education.

5. Sustainability • Social • Economic • Environmental

6. Social Sustainability • Accessibility • Safety • Meeting Places

10. Economic Sustainability • Long lifetime for buildings and infrastructure • Influential citizens • Attractive

12. Ecological Sustainability • Waste systems • The “green” parts • Mobility management • Energy systems • Environmentally adapted building and approval process

13. The Eco-Cycle City • Separation of biological wastes • Biogas digester • Convenient collection system

14. Green Space Factor • Green space requirement = 0.5 • An amount of greening equivalent to half the site area must be provided by summing up factors for green roofs, open space, open water, green trellises. • Types of enhancements in system include green factors for animals, plants and stormwater.

15. Example Green Factor calculation for the Green Factor for residential courtyard m2 Factor Score for a site a garden plot 951 0.5 476 green on the ground 129 1.0 129 green on the wall 112 0.7 78 green roof 330 0.8 264 open water 23 1.0 23 climbing plants 72 0.2 14 Calculating the Green Space Factor This example shows only an extract from the full scoring system - there are many more items.

16. Stormwater Management • Integrated into Green factor goals • Stormwater managed through a series of open fresh and saltwater channels, open gutters, fountains and natural vegetation. • “Biotopes” -- mini ecosystems design to provide habitat and teach people about them -- are scattered throughout the complex. • Stormwater is recirculated in channels and playgrounds in the summer, for aesthetic reasons. • Use of art throughout (“bug” platforms, carved stone weirs). • Area ecologist employed to evaluate the system and educate.

17. Mobility Management • Emphasize bicycling and public transportation • Car traffic and parking is restricted • Car sharing system (ala FlexCar) • Minimizing dependence on cars is a huge challenge

18. Energy Systems • Efficiency – goal of 105 kwh/m2 • Power production • Electricity from wind power and photovoltaics • Heat from solar collectors and ground source heat pump system • Cooling from heat pump and aquifer • Biogas • Annual requirements met 100% by on-site renewable energy

20. Wind Power • 2.0 MW Vestas turbine • Located 3 km away – far enough to avoid disturbances, but close enough to “belong” to the area • Connected to Malmö’s electrical grid • Provides all of the area’s electrical needs

21. Thermal Solar Collectors • 1,400 m2 on 10 buildings • Vacuum and regular • Connected to district heating network • Integrated into building design • Owned and operated by local utility • Fulfills 12% of annual heating load

25. Photovoltaic Solar Collectors • 120 m2 on one building • Integrated into the building as movable sun shading • Designed to be demonstration project – gives the builder, architect and utility operational experience

27. Ground Source Heating and Cooling • Extracts heat from aquifer and sea water • Seasonal storage for heating and cooling • 10 wells, 90m deep • Linked to district heating and cooling system

28. Heat pump 20 m Sealing layer Tätt skikt Aquifer Limestone 200 m 90 m Cold well Warm well

29. Warm wells Cold wells Local heating plant

30. Biogas Production • Digestion of waste and sewage water • Filtration and cleaning • Natural gas network • Supplies 22 detached houses (European village)

31. Heat Heat Electricity Electricity Aquifer Bo01 Cooling 4600MWh 6300MWh Energy Balance Heat Heat pump - 85% 3/4 aquifer 1/4 sea water Solar collectors - 12% Organic residues - 3% Electricity Wind - 99.8% Photovoltaics - 0.2% Energy Generation Energy Loads

32. Anticipated Results 35 kWhelect / m2 per year70 kWhheat / m2 per year

33. Quality Program • Developed to insure environmental performance – created by the City of Malmö in concert with developers • Program was established and guidelines defined before any plots were sold • Included green area factor, energy performance standards, requirement for residential courtyards to be planted with big trees etc • Landscape architects had to be employed early in the process and a mechanism for the long-term management and maintenance of the outdoor spaces had to be developed • Developers were held responsible for fulfilling requirements; however, no penalties assessed for failure to comply

34. An EnergyPlus Neighborhood • Would provide… • Resiliency through diversity • Price stability • Insulation from wet/dry hydro cycles • Environmental and GHG benefits • Protection from terrorism and natural disasters