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Spoken Arguments

Spoken Arguments . Notes from Everything’s an Argument. Introductions and Conclusions. Provocative statements Puzzling statements Opinion Question Memorable anecdote Powerful quotation Vivid visual. Toni Morrison Nobel Prize for Literature Speech.

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Spoken Arguments

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  1. Spoken Arguments Notes from Everything’s an Argument

  2. Introductions and Conclusions • Provocative statements • Puzzling statements • Opinion • Question • Memorable anecdote • Powerful quotation • Vivid visual

  3. Toni MorrisonNobel Prize for Literature Speech “Once upon a time there was an old woman. Blind but wise.” or was it an old man? A guru, perhaps. Or a griot, soothing restless children. I have heard this story, or one exactly like it, in the lore of several cultures. “Once upon a time there was an old woman. Blind. Wise”

  4. Structures and Signposts • Organizational structures must be crystal clear • Offer overview of main points toward beginning • Clear beginning, middle, end • Pause between main ideas/points • Use “signposts” to mark change of topic

  5. Signposts= explicit transitions • First, second • Finally • Next • On the contrary Example: the second major crisis in the Soviet Union was… • OR repeat key words or phrases Example: MLK Jr.– “I have a dream…”

  6. Diction and Syntax • Pay attention to sentence length • Sentence organization • Concrete terminology • Illustrate abstractions with descriptions of concrete examples

  7. Using Figurative Language • Repetition • parallelism • Climactic order • Comparisons

  8. Visuals Get your message across Support your claims Use: • Examples • Illustrations • Data • Make sure visuals are: • Simple • Clear • Easy to read

  9. If you use slides: • Follow the visual directions • Overview • Don’t repeat what you say aloud • Don’t rely on color or graphics • Use bullets • Use headings • Use large print and few words (3-6 per bullet)

  10. !!Most important!! • DELIVERY, DELIVERY, DELIVERY • Practice your speech delivery with visuals • Even the professionals practice! • Make sure you are audible • Enunciate • Stand • Use a lectern

  11. Tips • Each 8.5 x 11 sheet of writing = 2.5 minutes • Each 5 x 7 index card = 1.5 minutes • Time yourself • Ask a friend in the audience to signal you • Too much length/detail = bored audience

  12. SCHEDULE:

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