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Complementary Forages in a Stocker System

Complementary Forages in a Stocker System. Bob Woods Area Extension Agronomy Specialist Northeast Oklahoma. Complementary Forages. Introduced to complement native range. Complementary Forages. Increased Carrying Capacity Improved Forage Quality Lengthened Grazing Season

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Complementary Forages in a Stocker System

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  1. Complementary Forages in a Stocker System Bob Woods Area Extension Agronomy Specialist Northeast Oklahoma

  2. Complementary Forages Introduced to complement native range

  3. Complementary Forages • Increased Carrying Capacity • Improved Forage Quality • Lengthened Grazing Season • Heavy Traffic Tolerance • Hay Production

  4. You can double your stocking rate with 10% of your acreage in introduced forages – Dr. Wilfred McMurphy • 9 acres native range with a harvestable yield of 1280 pounds per acre = 11,500 pounds • 1 acre bermudagrass fertilized with 300 pounds of N per acre = 12,000 pounds

  5. Bermudagrass Yield Trial Summary - Variety Ozark Midland 99 Tifton 44 Wrangler (S) ERS/Haskell, OK 2000-02 7.31 7.77 6.98 6.15 100 lbs. N applied 3 times

  6. Web Soil Survey

  7. Complementary Forages • Warm Season Perennials – bermudagrass • Cool Season Perennials – fescue • Cool Season Annuals – wheat, rye, ryegrass(?) • Legumes – Red Clover, Arrowleaf Clover, Ladino Clover, Hairy vetch, Alfalfa, Lespedeza • Warm Season Annuals – crabgrass, sorghum types

  8. NE Oklahoma Fertilizer Prices $/lb. 11/14/06 N - 34¢ P2O5 - 22¢ K2O - 22¢ 1/9/09 46-0-0 $386 18-46-0 $428 0-0-60 $813 1/9/09 N - 42¢ P2O5 -30¢ K2O - 68¢

  9. Bermudagrass – Complementary Uses • Increased Carrying Capacity • Hay production

  10. Bermudagrass Yield Response to Precipitation Burton and Hanna, 1995

  11. Split N Effects on Bermudagrass Yield ERS, Haskell, OK 200 + 200 400 Dry Matter, T/A 100 + 100 200 200 100 + 100 100 + 100 200 1978 1979 1980

  12. N Fertilizer Applications(1971-2000) Rainfall for Osage County Warm Season Grass • P and K annually according to soil test recommendation • 50 lbs N per ton of forage based on yield goal

  13. Multiple Harvests Bermudagrass 4 Weeks Effect of Stage of Maturity on Yield and Forage Quality of Bermudagrass High Forage Yield Nutritive Value Low Stage of Maturity

  14. Effect of Nitrogen Fertility and Maturity on Crude Protein in Bermudagrass Lbs. of N/A O 50 100 Stage of Maturity 4 weeks 6 weeks 8 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks 8 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks 8 weeks Estimated CP % 7 6 5 9 7 5 12 9 7

  15. Bermudagrass Grazing Study, Perkins - 1985 - 87 Variety Hardie Midland Guymon ADG 1.63 1.46 1.56 Steer Days per acre 324 292 269 Gain/Acre 529 422 418 1985 May 6 to Sept. 23 140 days 535 in wt. 1986 May 1 to Aug. 21 112 days 507 in wt. 1987 May 15 to Oct. 2 140 days 545 in wt.

  16. 2 pasture rotation on bermudagrass – 1982Mayes County • 124 crossbred heifers – 485 lb. Avg. • 46 acres • 2.7 hd./A – 1350 lbs/A • 75 lbs N/A (P&K) April 20, 92 lbs N/A June 24 • Grazed April 10 to August 16 (128 days) • Mowed late May and Early July (baled excess)

  17. 1982 Mayes Co. Grazing Demonstration Performance 1.4 ADG 475 lbs. Beef/A

  18. Native $60/Stocker Bermudagrass ½ A/Stocker = $62/hd Rent $20/A 150 lbs N, $66/A 40 lbs P2O5, $11.60/A 40 lbs K2O, $26.80/A

  19. Fescue

  20. Cool Season Perennial Grass Trial ERS Planted 1996 Picture Taken Spring 2000

  21. N Fertilizer Applications(1971-2000) Rainfall for Osage County Cool Season Grass Cool Season Grass • P and K annually according to soil test recommendation • 60 lbs N per ton of forage based on yield goal

  22. Fall Fertilized Fescue 2001 Cherokee Craig Delaware Mayes Muskogee Nowata Okfuskee Ottawa Wagoner Washington Unfert. Lbs/A 865 1108 778 885 1117 659 1329 1382 885 723 Fertilized Lbs/A 3803 2174 2111 2281 3201 2419 3733 4520 5480 1574 Increase Lbs/A 2938 1067 1333 1396 2084 1760 2404 3138 4596 851

  23. Growing Steer

  24. Effects of white clover on steer growth performance in toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue pastures Source: J. H. Bouton. 2002. 29th Annual Conference Proceedings. Arkansas Forage and Grassland Council.

  25. Stocker cattle average daily gains grazing tall fescue

  26. Legumes are not a free fertilizer option! P, K, pH – According to Soil Test 3 Tons/A contribution that did not require N

  27. Legume Management • Residue Management – 2 inches or less in late summer or fall. • Follow soil test recommendation • Drill to establish if possible • Plant cool season legumes in late summer or early fall, lespedeza in late winter or early spring • Innoculate the seed

  28. Small Grains Planting Dates Picture taken 11/30/99 11/4/99 9/10/99 10/7/99 10/21/99 9/23/99 First planting was clipped 10/27/99 removing 1,880 lb/a of forage

  29. Sod Seeded Small Grains for Fall Grazing?? • Count on spring grazing ONLY • Perennial grasses too competitive early • Dry soil profile • Insufficient time for fall growth

  30. Consider a Legume instead of Ryegrass • Save spring N topdress • avoid ryegrass as a weed in wheat for grain • Same growing season • Equal or better forage nutritive value • Red clover, Arrowleaf clover, hairy vetch

  31. N Fertilizer Applications(1971-2000) Rainfall for Osage County Warm Season Grass Cool Season Grass Cool Season Grass • P and K annually according to soil test recommendation • 50 lbs N per ton of forage based on yield goal

  32. Complementary Forages Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Cool-season Grass Cool-season legumes Bermudagrass Native Range Native Range

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