PBL (The Jigsaw Approach)

1. PBL(The Jigsaw Approach) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zaitun Abu Bakar Universiti Malaya

2. What is PBL? • Problem-based learning is a pedagogical strategy for posing significant, contextualized, real world situations, and providing resources, guidance, and instruction to learners as they develop content knowledge and problem-solving skills.(Mayo et al )

3. History of PBL • 1960’s in medical schools in Canada and America • spread across to other disciplines such as; schools of architecture, business, law, engineering, forestry, police science, social work, education and computer science.

4. Characteristics of PBL • Context-based using real-life situations • Focuses on thinking skills – problem-solving, analysis, decision making, critical thinking • Requires integration of inter-disciplinary knowledge/skills/behaviors • Self-directed and develops life-long learning skills • Shared in small groups

5. Why PBL? Rapid explosion of knowledge TODAY’S WORLD Increased technology and Social complexity

6. Why PBL? - Tomorrow’s graduates • Self-directed and life-long learning skills • Problem-solving / analytical and critical thinking skills • Integration of inter-disciplinary knowledge/skills • Teamwork and interpersonal skills

7. PBL Jigsaw Approach • Early exposure and student-centered • Emphasis is not on problem solving but • Generation of hypothesis and learning issues • Sharing of learning burdens • Guidance by an academic staff

8. 2 Diverging Emphases WHAT the student learns how the student learns Traditional Curriculum

9. Restoring the Balance WHAT the student learns HOW the student learns PBL Curriculum

10. How to THINK What you should be doing at the University particularly is to learn HOW TO THINK…… Peter Doherty

11. Advantages of Jigsaw PBL • Emphasis on Meaning, Not Facts • Increased Self Direction • Higher Comprehension and Better Skill Development • Interpersonal Skills and Teamwork • Self-Motivated Attitude • Facilitator-Student Relationship • Level of Learning

12. The learning pyramid Average Retention rate Lecture 5% Reading 10% Audiovisual 20% Demonstration 30% Discussion group 50% Practice by doing 75% Teach others 80% National Training Lab., Bethel, Maine, USA

13. Learning stimulus A ‘real-life’ situation Requiring a response Jigsaw PBL Activity Cycle Situation revisited Self-directed learning Structured learning events

14. Jigsaw PBL in a tutorial group A tutorial group is a collection of individuals who meet, exchange ideas and information, and work together on a shared objective or task. It consists of: • A tutor/fascilitator • 4-6 learners (a discussion leader)

15. Jigsaw PBL Process In each session: • Warm up • Discussion - Initial Stage - Expert Stage - Jigsaw Stage • Evaluation - Report - Presentation

16. Steps in Jigsaw PBL • Read the problem together in Initial Group • Brainstorm on the problems • Identify and prioritize issues • Get initial ideas on each of the problem • Break into the Expert Group

17. Steps in Jigsaw PBL 6. In the expert group, you discuss the same problem which you have assigned to. • From the discussion, you will get a bigger transparent picture of your problem. • Go back to your initial group whereby now it is called Jigsaw Group • Use the discussion materials from the Expert Group and share with the Jigsaw Group. • Listen to all problems, compile and summarize

18. Working on a new Problem HypothesesInformationLearning IssuesAction Plan Brain- SynthesesList of what Things that Stormingof info.Needs to be need to be About: obtainedlearned in done in order Causation,throughorder to to complete Effecthypothesescomplete the the problem and/orguidedproblem task task Resolutioninquiry

19. Give someone a fish you feed him for a day; Teach him how to fish and you feed him a lifetime.