IPM in Good Agricultural Practices for the Food Industry

1. IPM by the Food Industry: The role of IPM in Good Agricultural Practices Hasan Bolkan, Ph.D. Davis Research & Development Davis, CA Dakar, Senegal September 18, 2008

2. Information provided by Adam Warren, Frito-Lay

3. TO OUR PLANET TO OUR CONSUMERS 2 1 Minimize the environmental impact of our operations to meet today’s needs while supporting the needs of future generations Delivering high quality, safe, affordable, and convenient foods Corporate Social Responsibility

4. CONSUMERS ENVIRONMENT SAFETY 2 3 1 Endangering the Health of Farm Workers Concerns about pesticide residues in food Pesticides in the Environment Public Concerns

5. 1 2 3 4 Rigorous, state-of-the-art residue testing Pesticide record keeping and reporting Hands on application of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) State-of-the-art processing Pesticide Quality Assurance Total Systems Pesticide Management We are concentrating our efforts on four priorities The four elements of pesticide management work together to deliver excellence in pesticide reduction and quality assurance

6. Step 4 Step 3 • Adaptive changes based on research and monitoring/verification • Promote good agricultural practices among all suppliers/ growers • Speak the same language as your regulators, customers, and consumers • Develop Campbell research priorities supporting indicators and initiatives • Work with growers, Universities and NGO’s to identify, test and implement sustainable practices • Execute on a commercial scale • Verify practices at grower level Step 1 • Alignment on sustainability • Determine level of sustainable ag practices being employed by growers Campbell’s Agricultural Sustainability Roadmap Step 2 • Identify influencers • Define sustainable agriculture indicators • Establish sustainable agriculture initiatives Assessment Agricultural Sustainability Leadership Track

7. Reduced volume irrigation (Drip irrigation) • Better crop management • Identify drought resistant varieties • Soil Erosion Management Water Management • New IPM strategies : Environmentally friendly pesticides, Use of beneficials • Disease resistant Varieties Pest/Disease Management Research Priorities for Sustainable Agricultural Practices Research Priorities Focus Areas Water supply Use • To improve soil quality (mulches, cover crops) Soil Management • Reduced tillage • Crop diversification/Crop rotation • Managing Nitrate runoffs Soil inputs Management • Cover crops • Preservation of wild life

8. The Challenge • Reduces Synthetic Pesticide Use • Maintain/Reduce Pest Management Cost • Maintain/Improve Quality

9. Fungal and Bacterial Pathogens of Tomatoes Early Blight Black Mold Phytophtora Root Rot Bacterial spot Late Blight Bacterial Speck Verticillium

10. Viruses affecting tomatoes Alfalfa mosaic Tomato Spotted Wilt TYLCV Tobacco mosaic

11. Insects/Nematodes affecting tomatoes Tomato pinworm Root Knot Nematode Helicoverpa spp. Armyworm Fruitworm

12. Campbell’s IPM Strategies • Disease Free Seeds • Disease/Pest Resistant Varieties • Biological Control (Parasitic Wasps) • Mating Confusion (Sex Pheromones) • Biological Pesticides (Bts.) • Forecasting Systems (TOM-CAST) • Risk Assessment (GIS/GPS) • Judicious Use of Synthetic Pesticides

13. Beneficial Insects: Biological Control

14. Trichogramma pretiosum

15. Managing Insect Pests: Mating Confusion

16. Managing Fungal Diseases • Disease forecasting (TOM-CAST)

17. Managing Viruses:Risk Assessment Maps

18. Management Strategies for Geminiviruses • Mandatory 2-3-month whitefly host-free period • Tomato, common bean, cucurbits, eggplant, pepper, weeds • Regional Management • Whitefly management was regional not local • Planting early varieties followed by TYLCV resistant varieties • Varieties with 108-115 days maturity

19. 100 % Impact of IPM on Synthetic Pesticideuse on Celery: California Applications/Acre Management Practices and Production Year

20. 85.7 % Impact of IPM on Synthetic Fungicideuse on Carrots: Michigan/Ohio Applications/Acre Management Practices and Production Year

21. Impact of IPM on Synthetic Fungicide use on processing tomatoes: Mexico Fungicide Applications/ha Management Practices and Production Year

22. Impact of IPM on Synthetic Insecticidesuse on Processing Tomatoes: Mexico Applications (a.i)/ha Management Practices and Production Year

23. Impact of IPM on Synthetic Pesticideuse on Jalapeno Peppers: Mexico Applications/Acre 42.05 7.5 7.5 Pre - IPMIPM

24. Cost of Pest Management: Conventional vs. IPM Insecticide Cost (dollars/ha) $467.2 $311.5

25. Cost ofDisease Management: Conventional vs. IPM Fungicide Costs (dollars/ha) $482 $304 $181

26. Campbell’s Current Good Agricultural Practices • Campbell’s works “hands on” with its tomato growers to promote and ensure the use of : • transplants to reduce herbicides and conserve water • disease resistant varieties to eliminate pesticide usage • integrated pest management (IPM) practices to reduce synthetic insecticide usage • conservation tillage to reduce fuel, dust, emission, water runoff, and soil erosion • 2-3 years of crop rotation to minimize diseases • cover cropping to improve soil texture • habitat management, such as replanting ditches with native vegetation and preservation of wetlands

27. IPM Helps to Build a Sustainable Supply Chain, from Farm to Table Suppliers MANUFACTURING Distribution Customers Consumers Purchase high-quality Ingredients produced by local farmers Energy and water conservation Waste management and recycling Reduce Environmental impact Partner with our Customer on Sustainability initiatives Sustainable packaging

28. THANK YOU

29. The pests/diseases in Mexico • Insect Pests • Tomato Pinworm (Keiferia lycopersicella) • Yellow striped Armyworm (S. ornithogalli) • Tomato Fruit worm (Helicoverpa zea) • Diseases • Late Blight (Phytophthora infestans) • Gemini-Viruses

30. The Pests/Diseases in California • Insect Pests • Yellow striped Armyworm (S. ornithogalli) • Tomato Fruit worm (Helicoverpa zea) • Aphids • Diseases • Late Blight (Phytophthora infestans) • Black Mold (Alternaria alternata)

31. Jalapeno Pepper Rejections Due to Pesticide Residues Above Tolerance

32. The switch Synthetic Pesticide Usage (%)

33. Environmental Responsibility (conserve natural resources) Eternal Triangle Generate Revenues Sustainability Social Responsibility (to growers, community, shareholders)