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Chapter 6 Nationalism and Ultranationalism

Chapter 6 Nationalism and Ultranationalism. Chapter Issue: To what extent can nationalism lead to ultranationalism. Chapter 6 Nationalism and Ultranationalism. Text pp. 136 – 137 Map Legend, fig. 6-1, looking ahead question 5. Poster depicts Stalin as … ?

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Chapter 6 Nationalism and Ultranationalism

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  1. Chapter 6 Nationalism and Ultranationalism Chapter Issue: To what extent can nationalism lead to ultranationalism

  2. Chapter 6 Nationalism and Ultranationalism • Text pp. 136 – 137 • Map Legend, fig. 6-1, looking ahead question 5. • Poster depicts Stalin as … ? • However, Stalin controlled, decided, forced … etc. • Ruled 1920 – 1953, 20-60m people … • Executed • Died in state created famines • Forced labour camps deportation • Key terms … • Ultranationalism • Propaganda • Appeasement • Conscription

  3. What is Ultranationalism? • First understand Nationalism! • Read Ben Barker’s words … p.138, fig. 6-2 • Ultranationalism • An extreme form of nationalism • Move from value of own nation and interests, to … • … hostility towards people of other nations • Hostility can endanger international peace • May include elements of racism and fanaticism • Can cause drastic economic and social change creating unemployment and poverty which can spark extreme nationalists movements

  4. What is Ultranationalism? • Important point … • Some countries peoples might label a policy or belief as nationalistic or ultranationalistic depending on the nation. • Actions of people in one country can be seen as patriotic, in another country it can be seen as ultranationalistic • Example, building a strong military • Thoughts?

  5. What is Ultranationalism? • Fanatical example … • Jan 2007, Hvant Dink, Turkish journalist and member of T.’s Armenian minority was murdered • Murderer was thought to belong to a Turkish national group • Dink wrote about massacre of Armenians by Turks in WWI. • 2006, arrested and convicted of publicly insulting ‘Republic of Turkey’ • Sparked debate over free society, ethnic tension, extreme nationalism • Nationalism or ultranationalism?

  6. Russian Ultranationalism • 1991 USSR disintegrated • Difficult transition to independent republics • Ukraine, Georgia, Armenia, Tajikistan • Insecurity bred hatred among different peoples • Immigrants, asylum seekers and ethnic residents • Ethnic Russians and Russian citizens and idea of ‘Russia for Russians’

  7. Russian Ultranationalism • Russia under Stalin • Absolute monarchy • Russian revolution 1918 resulted in assassination of Czar and royal family • Civil war • 1928, Stalin, communist, emerged leader • First act … • Confiscate land from farmers and create collective state-owned farms • Objection meant execution, deported to labour camps

  8. Russian Ultranationalism • Stalin’s goal … • Replace loyalties of 100 distinct national groups with Soviet Nationalism. • Objection meant persecution • Example, Ukraine farmers refused, Stalin confiscated crops • Result: 10m Ukrainians starved to death in 1930 • Outlawed the Ukraine language in public • Largest group of political prisoners in labour camps • Camps were called Gulag’s , see figure 6-3 • Also rid the Communist part of anyone accused as ‘enemy of the people’ , ie., drawing cartoon of Stalin • Execution, slave-labour camps, etc

  9. Propaganda and Ultranationalism • Read text p. 140, fig., 6-4, 6-5 • What is propaganda? • Info and ideas spread to achieve a specific goal • Info and ideas often misleading • Extreme nationalists use prop. To manipulate strong national feelings, esp., fear and insecurity • Persuade people to act in a certain way

  10. Propaganda and Ultranationalism • What is Propaganda? • Examples … • Call opponents names such as ‘terrorists’, ‘fanatics’ • Use words that hide the true meaning of actions, ie., holy, just, concentration camps • Use respected symbols to appeal to people’s values, such as flags, religious symbols, (Bible) • Appeal to peoples fears, i.e., strict law and order is only way to ensure peace and save a nation

  11. Propaganda and Ultranationalism • Poster of Stalin, p.136 shows … • Caring, helping, providing happiness, etc., to promote nationalism • At same time, millions sent to forced-labour camps. • Germany example … • Nazis used radio, film, newspapers to promote extreme nationalism • Target and promoted hatred of Jews

  12. Conclusions • Assignment for pp. 136 – 140 … • 1. Study the posters on page 146 • 2. Create a chart -- Analyzing Propaganda, p 146. • Complete the chart for both posters, p. 146. • After completing that step, answer the following … • A. Which poster is most persuasive? Opinion • B. Which poster most honestly reflects the facts. Opinion • C. Which poster least honestly reflects the facts. Opinion • D. Are both poster propaganda? Opinion

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